The nurse is teaching a client who has been diagnosed with HIV about the antiretroviral medication regimen. Which statement provided by the client requires additional instruction by the nurse?

The viral load can be decreased to an undetectable level.

HIV infection is not cured by the antiretroviral regimen.

The medications can decrease acquired AIDS related complications.

Antiretroviral medication prevents the transmission of the virus.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Answer: D. Antiretroviral medication prevents the transmission of the virus.

Rationale:

A. The viral load can be decreased to an undetectable level:
This statement reflects an accurate understanding of antiretroviral therapy. Effective treatment can reduce the viral load to undetectable levels, which is a key goal of HIV treatment, allowing individuals to live healthier lives and reducing the risk of transmitting the virus to others.

B. HIV infection is not cured by the antiretroviral regimen:
This statement is also accurate. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively manages HIV infection but does not cure it. Patients need to remain on medication for life to control the virus and maintain their health.

C. The medications can decrease acquired AIDS-related complications:
This statement is correct as well. Antiretroviral medications can help manage HIV and prevent the progression to AIDS, thereby reducing the likelihood of complications associated with AIDS, such as opportunistic infections.

D. Antiretroviral medication prevents the transmission of the virus:
This statement requires additional instruction because, while effective antiretroviral therapy can significantly reduce the risk of transmission, it does not entirely prevent it. Patients with an undetectable viral load have a greatly reduced risk of transmitting HIV to sexual partners (often summarized as "U=U" or "Undetectable = Untransmittable"), but it is crucial to understand that there is still a small risk involved. Therefore, additional education is necessary to clarify the need for continued safe practices, such as using condoms, even when on effective therapy.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Worsening headache:
This option is correct. Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), acts to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys, thereby reducing urine output. However, excessive administration of vasopressin can lead to vasoconstriction, which may result in increased intracranial pressure and subsequent headaches. Therefore, worsening headache can be indicative of vasopressin overdose or adverse effects, and it should be promptly reported to the healthcare provider for evaluation and appropriate management.

B) Polyuria:
Polyuria, or excessive urine output, is the opposite effect of vasopressin. While diabetes insipidus is characterized by polyuria due to insufficient ADH secretion or renal responsiveness to ADH, administering vasopressin should decrease urine output. Therefore, polyuria would not be expected as a side effect of vasopressin administration.

C) Polydipsia:
Polydipsia, or excessive thirst, is also a symptom of diabetes insipidus but is not typically associated with vasopressin administration. Vasopressin functions to decrease urine output and, consequently, reduce thirst. Therefore, polydipsia would not be expected as a side effect of vasopressin administration.

D) Low urine specific gravity:
Vasopressin administration is expected to increase urine specific gravity by promoting water reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to more concentrated urine. Therefore, low urine specific gravity would not be an expected side effect of vasopressin administration.

A. Apply the lotion to plaques on the face. B. Rub the lotion into the area twice daily for 5 weeks. C. Use gloves to rub the lotion into the area. D. Massage the lotion into the psoriasis plaques.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Apply the lotion to plaques on the face: Betamethasone valerate lotion is a potent corticosteroid that is generally not recommended for use on the face due to the risk of adverse effects, such as skin thinning and irritation. Therefore, applying the lotion to plaques on the face is not advisable.
B) Rub the lotion into the area twice daily for 5 weeks: While it is essential to follow the prescribed frequency and duration of medication use, specific instructions for betamethasone valerate lotion may vary depending on the severity of the condition and the healthcare provider's recommendations. This instruction lacks specificity and may not be accurate for all clients.
C) Use gloves to rub the lotion into the area: While wearing gloves may be necessary when applying certain topical medications to prevent contact dermatitis or to protect the hands, it is not typically required when using betamethasone valerate lotion. This instruction may be unnecessary and could lead to unnecessary waste of gloves.
D) Massage the lotion into the psoriasis plaques: This instruction is appropriate because it ensures proper absorption of the medication into the affected skin. Massaging the lotion gently into the psoriasis plaques helps enhance its penetration and effectiveness in treating the condition.

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The nurse is teaching a client who has been diagnosed with HIV about the antiretroviral medication regimen. Which statement provided by the client requires additional instruction by the nurse?

Rationale:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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The nurse is teaching a client who has been diagnosed with HIV about the antiretroviral medication regimen. Which statement provided by the client requires additional instruction by the nurse?