The nurse is taking care for the child that has been diagnosed with acute renal failure. Which findings should the nurse expect to see in this child?

Metabolic Alkalosis

Water and sodium (Na) retention

Anemia

Hyperkalemia

Increased urinary output

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D

A. Metabolic alkalosis is not a common acid-base imbalance associated with ARF. Instead, metabolic acidosis is more commonly observed due to the retention of metabolic waste products.

B. Water and sodium (Na) retention: In ARF, the kidneys are unable to effectively filter and excrete waste products and excess fluids. This leads to the retention of water and sodium, contributing to fluid overload.

C. Anemia: ARF can lead to decreased erythropoietin production by the kidneys, which can result in anemia due to reduced red blood cell production.

D. Hyperkalemia: The impaired kidney function in ARF may result in the inability to regulate potassium levels. Elevated levels of potassium (hyperkalemia) can be a dangerous complication.

E. Increased urinary output is not a typical finding in ARF. Instead, the hallmark of ARF is a reduction in urine output or oliguria.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Rigid abdomen: A rigid abdomen is not a common finding in HPS. However, it is more typical in conditions such as intestinal obstruction.

B. Distended neck veins: Distended neck veins are not a typical manifestation of HPS. They may be associated with other cardiovascular or respiratory issues.

C. Red currant jelly stools: Red currant jelly-like stools are not typically seen in HPS. This description is often used to describe the appearance of stools in intussusception, which is a different gastrointestinal condition.

D. Projectile vomiting.

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a condition in infants where the muscle at the outlet of the stomach (pylorus) becomes thickened and obstructs the passage of food from the stomach into the small intestine. Projectile vomiting is a characteristic symptom of HPS. The vomit is forceful and seems to shoot out of the infant's mouth, typically occurring after feeding.

A. 3% B. 8% C. 0.5% D. 5%

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The reticulocyte count is a measure of young, immature red blood cells. An elevated reticulocyte count indicates the bone marrow's ability to respond to anemia by producing new red blood cells.

For an infant, a reticulocyte count of 8% would be an indicator of severe anemia. An elevated reticulocyte count suggests the body is trying to compensate for the decreased number of mature red blood cells by producing more young ones. This is often seen in severe anemia as the body attempts to increase the red blood cell count.

The other options (A, C, and D) represent normal or less severe reticulocyte counts.

A reticulocyte count of 3% is within the normal range.

A reticulocyte count of 0.5% is on the lower side but not as severe as 8%.

A reticulocyte count of 5% indicates a response to anemia but is not as elevated as 8%.

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The nurse is taking care for the child that has been diagnosed with acute renal failure. Which findings should the nurse expect to see in this child?

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