The nurse is providing medication education for a client with osteoarthritis. What teaching should the nurse include in the education?

Choice A reason: Sensory perception is one of the six subscales that will be utilized in a Braden Scale assessment, because it measures the degree to which the client can respond to pressurerelated discomfort or pain. Sensory perception can be affected by factors such as level of consciousness, spinal cord injury, or neuropathy. Sensory perception can influence the risk of pressure injuries, as clients with impaired sensory perception may not be able to feel or report the pressure, or change their position to relieve the pressure.

Choice B reason: Age is not one of the six subscales that will be utilized in a Braden Scale assessment, because it is not a direct or independent predictor of pressure injury risk. Age is a demographic variable that can be associated with other factors that affect the risk of pressure injuries, such as skin condition, mobility, or comorbidities. However, age itself is not a factor that is measured or scored in the Braden Scale assessment.

Choice C reason: Friction and shear is one of the six subscales that will be utilized in a Braden Scale assessment, because it measures the degree to which the client's skin is exposed to rubbing or sliding forces. Friction and shear can be affected by factors such as bed linens, transfers, or repositioning. Friction and shear can influence the risk of pressure injuries, as they can damage the skin and underlying tissues, or reduce the blood flow and oxygen delivery to the skin and tissues.

Choice D reason: Nutrition is one of the six subscales that will be utilized in a Braden Scale assessment, because it measures the degree to which the client's intake of food and fluids meets the body's needs. Nutrition can be affected by factors such as appetite, dentition, or swallowing. Nutrition can influence the risk of pressure injuries, as it can affect the skin integrity, wound healing, and immune function of the client.

Choice E reason: Mental state is not one of the six subscales that will be utilized in a Braden Scale assessment, because it is not a direct or independent predictor of pressure injury risk. Mental state is a psychological variable that can be associated with other factors that affect the risk of pressure injuries, such as sensory perception, mobility, or activity. However, mental state itself is not a factor that is measured or scored in the Braden Scale assessment.

Choice A reason: Using standard precautions is a practice that is recommended to prevent HIV transmission, because it is a set of guidelines that apply to all clients, regardless of their infection status, and that aim to prevent the exposure to blood, body fluids, or other potentially infectious materials. Standard precautions include hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, safe handling and disposal of sharps, environmental cleaning, and respiratory hygiene.

Choice B reason: Double gloving is not a practice that is recommended to prevent HIV transmission, because it is not proven to be more effective or safer than single gloving. Double gloving is a technique that involves wearing two pairs of gloves, one over the other, which may provide some extra protection against needlestick injuries or glove punctures, but may also reduce the tactile sensitivity, dexterity, or comfort of the wearer. Double gloving is not a routine practice, but rather an option for certain situations, such as highrisk procedures, long surgeries, or known HIVpositive clients.

Choice C reason: Applying hand sanitizer to gloves during cares is not a practice that is recommended to prevent HIV transmission, because it is not appropriate or hygienic. Applying hand sanitizer to gloves during cares is a practice that can damage the integrity and effectiveness of the gloves, as the alcohol or other chemicals can degrade the material, cause holes, or reduce the fit of the gloves. Applying hand sanitizer to gloves during cares can also create a false sense of security, as the gloves may still be contaminated or ineffective. Hand sanitizer should be applied to the hands before and after wearing gloves, not to the gloves themselves.

Choice D reason: Wearing a mask within three feet of the client is not a practice that is recommended to prevent HIV transmission, because it is not necessary or relevant. Wearing a mask within three feet of the client is a practice that is part of the droplet precautions, which are used to prevent the transmission of infections that are spread by large respiratory droplets, such as influenza, pertussis, or meningitis. HIV is not transmitted by respiratory droplets, but rather by sexual contact, blood, or other body fluids. Wearing a mask within three feet of the client may not provide any protection against HIV, and may also cause stigma or discrimination.