This is the edited text:

What statement by the client indicates a correct understanding of the timing of progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

"If I am reexposed to HIV, the progression to AIDS may be faster."

"My diet does not influence the progression of HIV to AIDS."

"If I practice meditation, I may develop AIDS faster."

"Sexually transmitted infections will not make AIDS develop faster."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: This is the correct statement because it reflects the fact that reexposure to HIV can increase the viral load and accelerate the decline of the immune system. HIV is a virus that infects and destroys the CD4 cells, which are the white blood cells that help fight infections. AIDS is the final stage of HIV infection, when the CD4 count falls below 200 cells/mm3 or the client develops an opportunistic infection. The progression from HIV to AIDS can vary from person to person, depending on several factors, such as viral strain, genetic factors, treatment adherence, and coinfections. Reexposure to HIV can expose the client to a different or more aggressive strain of the virus, which can overwhelm the immune system and hasten the development of AIDS.

Choice B reason: This is an incorrect statement because it ignores the role of nutrition in maintaining the health and function of the immune system. Diet can influence the progression of HIV to AIDS by affecting the client's weight, energy, metabolism, and susceptibility to infections. The client should eat a balanced and varied diet that provides adequate calories, protein, vitamins, minerals, and fluids. The client should also avoid foods that can cause diarrhea, dehydration, or food poisoning, which can worsen the symptoms and complications of HIV infection.

Choice C reason: This is an incorrect statement because it contradicts the evidence that shows that meditation can have positive effects on the psychological and physiological wellbeing of people living with HIV. Meditation is a mindbody practice that involves focusing attention on the present moment, breathing, and relaxation. Meditation can help the client cope with stress, anxiety, depression, and pain, which are common challenges for people living with HIV. Meditation can also improve the immune system function by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and cortisol levels, which can slow down the progression of HIV to AIDS.

Choice D reason: This is an incorrect statement because it overlooks the impact of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on the course of HIV infection. STIs can increase the risk of transmitting and acquiring HIV by causing ulcers, inflammation, or bleeding in the genital area, which can facilitate the entry and exit of the virus. STIs can also increase the viral load and decrease the CD4 count, which can speed up the progression of HIV to AIDS. The client should practice safe sex by using condoms, getting tested and treated for STIs, and informing their sexual partners about their HIV status.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Blanching is not the term for black and necrotic tissue. Blanching is the temporary whitening of the skin when pressure is applied. It indicates that the blood flow is intact and the tissue is healthy.

Choice B reason: Cellulitis is not the term for black and necrotic tissue. Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It causes redness, swelling, warmth, and pain in the affected area.

Choice C reason: Tunneling is not the term for black and necrotic tissue. Tunneling is a narrow channel or pathway that extends from the wound into the surrounding tissue. It indicates a deeper and more complex wound.

Choice D reason: Eschar is the term for black and necrotic tissue. Eschar is a thick, dry, and hard crust that forms over a wound. It indicates a severe tissue damage and impaired healing.

A. A 44yearold prescribed antibiotics for pneumonia B. A 26yearold bedridden client with a fractured leg C. A 65yearold with hemiparesis and incontinence D. A 78yearold requiring assistance to ambulate with a walker

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: A 44yearold prescribed antibiotics for pneumonia is not at the greatest risk for pressure injury development, because he or she does not have any major risk factors for pressure injury. Pressure injury is a localized damage to the skin and underlying tissues caused by pressure, shear, friction, or moisture. Antibiotics for pneumonia do not directly affect the skin integrity or blood circulation, nor do they impair the mobility or sensation of the client.

Choice B reason: A 26yearold bedridden client with a fractured leg is at a high risk for pressure injury development, but not the greatest, because he or she has only one major risk factor for pressure injury. Bedridden status is a major risk factor for pressure injury, because it causes prolonged pressure on the bony prominences, such as the sacrum, heels, or hips, which can impair blood flow and oxygen delivery to the skin and tissues. However, the client's age, fracture, and mobility may mitigate some of the risk, as he or she may have better skin elasticity, wound healing, and ability to reposition.

Choice C reason: A 65yearold with hemiparesis and incontinence is at the greatest risk for pressure injury development, because he or she has multiple major risk factors for pressure injury. Age is a risk factor for pressure injury, because it causes decreased skin elasticity, thickness, and vascularity, which can affect the skin's resilience and repair. Hemiparesis is a risk factor for pressure injury, because it causes reduced mobility, sensation, and muscle mass, which can affect the client's ability to reposition, feel pain, and maintain tissue perfusion. Incontinence is a risk factor for pressure injury, because it causes moisture, irritation, and infection of the skin, which can weaken the skin barrier and delay wound healing.

Choice D reason: A 78yearold requiring assistance to ambulate with a walker is at a moderate risk for pressure injury development, but not the greatest, because he or she has only one major risk factor for pressure injury. Age is a risk factor for pressure injury, as explained above. However, the client's ambulation and assistance may reduce some of the risk, as he or she may have less pressure, shear, and friction on the skin and tissues, and more blood circulation and oxygen delivery.

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This is the edited text:What statement by the client indicates a correct understanding of the timing of progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse assesses a deep wound. The area is covered by black and necrotic tissue. What term would the nurse use when documenting this wound?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which client is at the greatest risk for pressure injury development?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The client with rheumatoid arthritis is having her rheumatoid factor (RF) drawn while she is having a flareup of the disease. Which result is seen in clients with rheumatoid arthritis?

A man has been admitted to the hospital unit with a medical diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). He is receiving supplemental oxygen at 2 L/min via a nasal cannula. Which positioning technique will best assist him with breathing?

A nurse assesses an audible grating sound (crepitus) when a client with osteoarthritis moves his knees. What is the cause of this sound?

By providing measures to reduce skin breakdown, how does the nurse break the chain of infection?

A client is bedridden and appears to be frail and malnourished. Which nursing interventions will most effectively prevent skin injury? (Select all that apply.)

The nurse has documented the following wound assessment: “Shallow, open, reddened ulcer with no drainage on the center of the right heel.” What stage is the wound?

This is the edited text:What is not an expected assessment finding in a client with inflammation? (Select all that apply.)

This is the edited text:A client with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) develops pneumonia. What type of infection is this?

This is the edited text:

What statement by the client indicates a correct understanding of the timing of progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?