The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a group of well-educated clients who were found to be HIV positive within the last year. Members of the group express an interest in learning about the pathology of the AIDS virus. The nurse should explain that the human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acts in which way to suppress the immune system?

Destruction of helper T-cells and CD4 cells.

Increase in B-lymphocytes and IgM.

Proliferation of suppressor T-cells.

Deficiency of cytotoxic T cells.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. HIV primarily targets and destroys helper T-cells (CD4 cells), which are crucial for orchestrating the immune response, leading to immune system suppression and increased vulnerability to infections.
B. An increase in B-lymphocytes and IgM is not a direct action of HIV; in fact, B-cell function is also impaired as the disease progresses.
C. Proliferation of suppressor T-cells is not a characteristic effect of HIV; instead, it is the helper T-cells that are predominantly affected, leading to immune dysfunction.
D. While cytotoxic T cells may be present, their function is impaired due to the loss of helper T-cells, but deficiency of cytotoxic T cells is not the primary mechanism by which HIV suppresses the immune system.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While the nurse can perform oral care, it is essential for the UAP to assist where appropriate, and oral care should not be solely left for the nurse.
B. A soft-bristled toothbrush is the best option for the client with painful mouth ulcers, as it is gentle and reduces the risk of further irritation.
C. Offering mouthwash may not be appropriate, especially if it contains alcohol, as it could further irritate the ulcers; additionally, thorough cleansing is typically more effective with careful brushing rather than rinsing alone.
D. Wearing sterile gloves is unnecessary for oral care; standard precautions, including clean gloves, should be used, but sterile gloves are not required for this type of care.

A. For long-term control of pain and swelling. B. Until a smaller angle can be restored. C. For long-term control of normal eye pressure. D. Until the excess pressure is reduced.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Eye drops for glaucoma are not used for pain and swelling control but to manage intraocular pressure.
B. Open-angle glaucoma is not about restoring a smaller angle; it is managed primarily by controlling intraocular pressure.
C. Long-term use of eye drops is necessary for maintaining normal eye pressure and preventing optic nerve damage in clients with open-angle glaucoma.
D. While the drops may reduce excess pressure initially, lifelong treatment is generally required to maintain safe pressure levels and prevent further damage.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

An adult client is admitted with AIDS and oral Candida albicans manifested by several painful mouth ulcers. The nurse delegates oral care to the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) and discusses how to assist the client. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the UAP?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client with open-angle glaucoma asks the nurse how long the prescribed eye drops will need to be used. Which response made by the nurse is accurate?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which technique should the nurse use when assessing for early signs of rheumatoid arthritis?

Before administering a newly prescribed dose of terbinafine HCL to a client with a fungal toenail infection, which assessment finding is most important for the nurse to address?

A client who has had a laryngectomy and tracheostomy frequently expectorates copious amounts of purulent secretions. When changing the ties of the tracheostomy tube, which action is most important for the nurse to take?

Which information should the nurse include when giving discharge instructions to a client following a left eye cataract extraction with a lens implant?

A client has been administered lactulose for several days. Which therapeutic response should the nurse expect for a client with hepatic encephalopathy?

The nurse is discussing dietary choices with a client who is newly diagnosed with celiac disease. Which menu choice by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

Exhibits The wound care nurse is preparing to change the client's dressing. For each technique item, click to indicate whether the technique is indicated or not indicated. Each row must have one option selected.