The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a group of well-educated clients who were found to be HIV positive within the last year. Members of the group express an interest in learning about the pathology of the AIDS virus. The nurse should explain that the human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acts in which way to suppress the immune system?

Destruction of helper T-cells and CD4 cells.

Increase in B-lymphocytes and IgM.

Proliferation of suppressor T-cells.

Deficiency of cytotoxic T cells.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. HIV primarily targets and destroys helper T-cells (CD4 cells), which are crucial for orchestrating the immune response, leading to immune system suppression and increased vulnerability to infections.
B. An increase in B-lymphocytes and IgM is not a direct action of HIV; in fact, B-cell function is also impaired as the disease progresses.
C. Proliferation of suppressor T-cells is not a characteristic effect of HIV; instead, it is the helper T-cells that are predominantly affected, leading to immune dysfunction.
D. While cytotoxic T cells may be present, their function is impaired due to the loss of helper T-cells, but deficiency of cytotoxic T cells is not the primary mechanism by which HIV suppresses the immune system.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis, not acidosis, as it reduces carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
B. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the blood, leading to a decrease in blood pH. This is the fundamental process underlying respiratory acidosis.
C. While the kidneys can help eliminate carbon dioxide through bicarbonate production, respiratory acidosis primarily results from respiratory failure rather than renal conversion.
D. Elevated blood oxygen levels do not stimulate the respiratory rate; rather, low oxygen levels typically prompt an increased respiratory effort.

A. Oxygen saturation greater than 94% B. PaCO2 55 mm Hg per arterial blood gas C. Symmetric chest expansion D. Rhonchi in the right lung E. Client ambulates without shortness of breath F. Diminished breath sounds in the right lung

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"B"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"B"},"E":{"answers":"A"},"F":{"answers":"B"}}

Explanation

Oxygen saturation greater than 94% indicates improved oxygenation, showing the treatment's effectiveness.
PaCO2 55 mm Hg per arterial blood gas indicates hypercapnia, suggesting ineffective treatment as normal levels should be lower.
Symmetric chest expansion suggests effective treatment as it reflects improved lung function.
Rhonchi in the right lung may indicate retained secretions, suggesting ineffective treatment.
Client ambulates without shortness of breath demonstrates effective treatment, as the patient can move without respiratory distress.
Diminished breath sounds in the right lung could indicate ongoing consolidation or fluid, suggesting ineffective treatment.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client who is experiencing respiratory distress is admitted with respiratory acidosis. Which pathophysiological process supports the client's respiratory acidosis?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Exhibits The client undergoes several days of antibiotic and respiratory treatment for his pneumonia. Mark whether the assessment findings indicate that the treatment was effective or ineffective. Each row must have one option selected.

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"B"},"C":{"answers":"A"},"D":{"answers":"B"},"E":{"answers":"A"},"F":{"answers":"B"}}

Explanation

A client with psoriasis returns to the clinic reporting the persistence of several silvery, scaly areas on the elbows and palms that frequently burn and sometimes bleed. Which prescription should the nurse teach the client to use for the skin condition?

Exhibits The nurse is preparing to set up the oxygen administration and apply the simple face mask. Which should the nurse do before applying the face mask? Select that apply.

A client with symptoms of influenza that started the previous day asks the clinic nurse about taking oseltamivir to treat the infection. Which response should the nurse provide?

Which technique should the nurse use when assessing for early signs of rheumatoid arthritis?

Which instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching plan for an adult client with hypernatremia?

A client with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease asks the nurse about dietary restrictions. How should the nurse respond?

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