The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a group of well-educated clients who were found to be HIV positive within the last year. Members of the group express an interest in learning about the pathology of the AIDS virus. The nurse should explain that the human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acts in which way to suppress the immune system?

Destruction of helper T-cells and CD4 cells.

Increase in B-lymphocytes and IgM.

Proliferation of suppressor T-cells.

Deficiency of cytotoxic T cells.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. HIV primarily targets and destroys helper T-cells (CD4 cells), which are crucial for orchestrating the immune response, leading to immune system suppression and increased vulnerability to infections.
B. An increase in B-lymphocytes and IgM is not a direct action of HIV; in fact, B-cell function is also impaired as the disease progresses.
C. Proliferation of suppressor T-cells is not a characteristic effect of HIV; instead, it is the helper T-cells that are predominantly affected, leading to immune dysfunction.
D. While cytotoxic T cells may be present, their function is impaired due to the loss of helper T-cells, but deficiency of cytotoxic T cells is not the primary mechanism by which HIV suppresses the immune system.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Belching is a common symptom and not an urgent finding in this context.
B. Yellow sclera indicates jaundice, which suggests bile obstruction due to the lodged gallstone in the common bile duct; this is a critical finding that requires immediate attention from the healthcare provider.
C. Flatulence can occur with gastrointestinal distress but does not indicate an immediate complication.
D. Amber urine may indicate dehydration or bilirubin presence, but it is less critical than the yellow sclera in this scenario, which directly indicates liver or bile duct involvement.

A. Advise the client that once symptoms occur it is too late to receive an influenza vaccination. B. Refer the client to the healthcare provider at the clinic to obtain a medication prescription. C. Instruct the client that over-the-counter medications are sufficient to manage influenza symptoms. D. Explain to the client that antibiotics are not useful in treating viral infections such as influenza.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. It is accurate that vaccination is most effective before symptoms appear, but this statement does not address the client's immediate need for treatment.
B. Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is an antiviral medication that can be prescribed for influenza symptoms if taken within the first 48 hours of symptom onset, making it appropriate to refer the client for a prescription.
C. While over-the-counter medications may help alleviate some symptoms, they do not treat the underlying viral infection, and antiviral medications can be more effective.
D. This statement is true but does not directly answer the client's question about the treatment of influenza with oseltamivir.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with cholelithiasis has a gallstone lodged in the common bile duct and is unable to eat or drink without becoming nauseated and vomiting. Which finding should the nurse report to the healthcare provider?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client with symptoms of influenza that started the previous day asks the clinic nurse about taking oseltamivir to treat the infection. Which response should the nurse provide?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

When performing postural drainage on a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which approach should the nurse use?

The nurse is performing a routine dressing change for a client with a stage 3 pressure injury that is red with significant granulation. The wound has a gauze dressing covering the area. Which action should the nurse implement?

The nurse is planning care for a client with a direct (sliding) hiatal hernia. Nursing actions should be planned to meet which goal?

Which information should the nurse include when giving discharge instructions to a client following a left eye cataract extraction with a lens implant?

Exhibits The client undergoes several days of antibiotic and respiratory treatment for his pneumonia. Mark whether the assessment findings indicate that the treatment was effective or ineffective. Each row must have one option selected.

A client has been administered lactulose for several days. Which therapeutic response should the nurse expect for a client with hepatic encephalopathy?