The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a group of well-educated clients who were found to be HIV positive within the last year. Members of the group express an interest in learning about the pathology of the AIDS virus. The nurse should explain that the human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acts in which way to suppress the immune system?
Destruction of helper T-cells and CD4 cells.
Increase in B-lymphocytes and IgM.
Proliferation of suppressor T-cells.
Deficiency of cytotoxic T cells.
The Correct Answer is A
A. HIV primarily targets and destroys helper T-cells (CD4 cells), which are crucial for orchestrating the immune response, leading to immune system suppression and increased vulnerability to infections.
B. An increase in B-lymphocytes and IgM is not a direct action of HIV; in fact, B-cell function is also impaired as the disease progresses.
C. Proliferation of suppressor T-cells is not a characteristic effect of HIV; instead, it is the helper T-cells that are predominantly affected, leading to immune dysfunction.
D. While cytotoxic T cells may be present, their function is impaired due to the loss of helper T-cells, but deficiency of cytotoxic T cells is not the primary mechanism by which HIV suppresses the immune system.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","E","G"]
Explanation
A. Positioning the client with the head of the bed elevated helps improve lung expansion and facilitates better ventilation and oxygenation, reducing the work of breathing.
B. Avoid treating fever with antipyretics is not appropriate, as managing fever can help reduce metabolic demand and improve overall comfort, which aids in ventilation.
C. Encouraging the client to take breaks from the oxygen mask is not advisable, as consistent oxygen delivery is critical for maintaining adequate oxygen saturation, especially in cases of pneumonia.
D. Providing suctioning so the client does not have to cough may not be necessary; coughing is a natural mechanism to clear secretions and improve airway patency.
E. Assisting the client in ambulating safely promotes lung expansion, enhances circulation, and aids in the mobilization of secretions, contributing positively to ventilation and oxygenation.
F. Asking the client to do quick, shallow breaths is counterproductive, as it can lead to inadequate ventilation and decreased oxygenation; deep breathing is preferred.
G. Teaching the client to cough at least once an hour is essential for clearing secretions and improving lung function, thereby enhancing ventilation and oxygenation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Performing postural drainage immediately after meals can lead to discomfort or aspiration; it is usually advised to wait at least one hour after eating.
B. This statement is correct, as postural drainage involves positioning the client in various positions to help mobilize secretions from different lung segments, typically five positions are used.
C. Shallow and fast breathing is not recommended during postural drainage; deep breathing is encouraged to facilitate effective clearance of secretions.
D. Obtaining an arterial blood gas (ABG) is not routinely necessary before postural drainage; the focus is on mobilizing secretions.
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