The nurse is preparing a client with breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing. Which pathophysiological process should the nurse use to support client teaching?

The choice of treatment is best determined by the sensitivity of these genetic markers.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 provide protection of mature, functioning breast and ovarian cells.

Mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 identify a client’s risk for cancerous cell development in breast tissue.

The prognosis of breast cancer is most successful when these markers are inherited mutations.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale
While the sensitivity of genetic markers can influence the choice of treatment, it is not the primary pathophysiological process involved in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing. The main purpose of these tests is to identify genetic mutations that increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer.
Choice B rationale
BRCA1 and BRCA2 do play a role in protecting mature, functioning breast and ovarian cells. However, this is not the primary reason for conducting BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing. The main purpose of these tests is to identify mutations that increase cancer risk.
Choice C rationale

This is the correct answer. Mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 can significantly increase a person’s risk for developing breast and ovarian cancer. Therefore, identifying these mutations through genetic testing can help determine a person’s cancer risk.
Choice D rationale
While inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 can influence the prognosis of breast cancer, the primary purpose of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing is to identify mutations that increase cancer risk, not to determine prognosis.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","F"]

Explanation

The correct answer is A. Ventilation, B. Neurological status, C. Exposure, F. Circulation.

Choice A: Ventilation Ventilation is a crucial part of the primary survey in trauma assessment. It involves assessing the patient’s respiratory rate and effort, use of accessory muscles, cyanosis, and chest wall movement. The normal respiratory rate for adults is between 12-20 breaths per minute.

Choice B: Neurological status Neurological status is another vital component of the primary survey. It often involves assessing the patient’s level of consciousness, often using tools like the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The GCS score can range from 3 (completely unresponsive) to 15 (responsive).

Choice C: Exposure Exposure involves removing the patient’s clothing to check for any hidden injuries. It’s an essential step in trauma assessment, but there’s no “normal range” for this as it’s a process rather than a measurable variable.

Choice D: Current medications While knowing a patient’s current medications is important in managing their care, it’s not typically part of the primary survey in trauma assessment. This information is usually gathered during the secondary survey.

Choice E: Allergies Like current medications, information about allergies is also crucial in managing patient care, but it’s not part of the primary survey. This information is usually collected during the secondary survey.

Choice F: Circulation Circulation is a critical part of the primary survey. It involves checking the patient’s heart rate, blood pressure, capillary refill time, and looking for any signs of external bleeding. The normal resting heart rate can range between 60-99 beats per minute.

A. Iron deficiency anemia B. Vitamin B12 deficiency C. Folic acid deficiency anemia

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B"},"B":{"answers":"C,B"},"C":{"answers":"B"}}

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Chronic alcoholism is often associated with both Vitamin B12 and Folic acid deficiency anemia. Alcohol interferes with the absorption of these vitamins in the gut, leading to their deficiency.

Choice B rationale

Malabsorption syndrome can lead to Iron deficiency anemia, Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, and Folic acid deficiency anemia. In malabsorption syndrome, the small intestine can’t absorb enough of certain nutrients and fluids.

Choice C rationale

Dietary deficiency can result in Iron deficiency anemia, Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, and Folic acid deficiency anemia. These types of anemia can occur when the body doesn’t have enough of the vitamins needed to produce enough healthy red blood cells.

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The nurse is preparing a client with breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing. Which pathophysiological process should the nurse use to support client teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse inspects the airway and finds no visible trauma, and the airway appears to be patent. What other assessment items are included in the primary survey? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","F"]

Explanation

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B"},"B":{"answers":"C,B"},"C":{"answers":"B"}}

Explanation

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