The nurse is interviewing a client who states the presence of urinary incontinence with coughing and sneezing.
The nurse would correctly document this type of incontinence as which of the following?

Functional.

Reflex.

Stress.

Urge.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale

Functional incontinence occurs when an individual cannot reach the bathroom in time due to physical or cognitive limitations. It is not related to stress or pressure on the bladder but rather to external factors that impede timely access to toileting facilities.

Choice B rationale

Reflex incontinence is characterized by involuntary loss of urine due to a lack of signal awareness or detrusor muscle overactivity. It is typically associated with neurological conditions such as spinal cord injuries or multiple sclerosis. This type of incontinence does not involve stress-related triggers like coughing or sneezing.

Choice C rationale

Stress incontinence involves the involuntary leakage of urine during activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, or physical exertion. This type of incontinence is commonly seen in women, particularly after childbirth or during menopause, due to weakened pelvic floor muscles or sphincter dysfunction.

Choice D rationale

Urge incontinence is characterized by a sudden and intense urge to urinate, often resulting in involuntary urine leakage before reaching the bathroom. It is typically caused by overactive bladder muscles or nerve signals and is not specifically triggered by actions like coughing or sneezing.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Scleroderma is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues. While it affects the skin, it is unrelated to emphysema and bronchitis, making it an unlikely finding in this client.

Choice B rationale

Pedal erythema, or redness of the feet, can result from various causes, including infections, allergies, and circulatory issues. However, it is not commonly associated with emphysema and bronchitis, making it an unlikely finding in this client.

Choice C rationale

Anasarca is generalized body swelling due to fluid retention, often seen in severe heart failure, liver disease, and kidney failure. While this condition involves significant swelling, it is not typically linked to emphysema and bronchitis.

Choice D rationale

Clubbing of the nails is a common finding in chronic respiratory conditions like emphysema and bronchitis. It involves bulbous enlargement of the fingertips and nail curvature, resulting from prolonged low oxygen levels, making it a likely finding in this client.

A. More prone to injury and calcifications than other locations in the breast. B. Where most of the suspensory ligaments attach. C. The largest quadrant of the breast. D. The location of most breast tumors.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

While the upper outer quadrant can be prone to injury and calcifications, this is not the primary reason for its importance in breast examinations. Calcifications can occur in various parts of the breast and are often detected through mammography rather than physical examination.

Choice B rationale

Suspensory ligaments, also known as Cooper's ligaments, provide structural support to the breast. They attach to the skin and the underlying pectoral fascia. However, these ligaments are distributed throughout the breast and are not confined to the upper outer quadrant.

Choice C rationale

The upper outer quadrant is not the largest quadrant of the breast. All quadrants have relatively similar sizes. Therefore, the size of the quadrant is not the reason for its importance in breast examinations.

Choice D rationale

The upper outer quadrant of the breast is the most common location for breast tumors. This is because a significant portion of the breast tissue, including the axillary tail (an extension of breast tissue into the armpit), is located in this quadrant. Therefore, careful examination of this area is crucial for early detection of breast cancer.

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The nurse is interviewing a client who states the presence of urinary incontinence with coughing and sneezing.The nurse would correctly document this type of incontinence as which of the following?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 65-year-old man with emphysema and bronchitis has come to the clinic for a follow-up appointment.On assessment the nurse might expect to see which finding?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

In performing a breast examination, the nurse knows that examining the upper outer quadrant of the breast is especially important.The reason for this is that the upper quadrant is:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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The nurse is interviewing a client who states the presence of urinary incontinence with coughing and sneezing.
The nurse would correctly document this type of incontinence as which of the following?