The nurse is explaining Tanner staging to an adolescent and her mother. Which statement best describes Tanner staging?

Choice A reason: This statement is correct, as atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that is often linked to allergic conditions, such as asthma, hay fever, or food allergies. It also has a genetic component, as it tends to run in families.

Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect, as atopic dermatitis (eczema) is not associated with upper respiratory tract infections, but rather with lower respiratory tract infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia. Upper respiratory tract infections affect the nose, throat, and sinuses, while lower respiratory tract infections affect the lungs and airways.

Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect, as atopic dermatitis (eczema) is not easily cured, but rather a chronic and relapsing condition that requires long-term management. There is no cure for eczema, but the symptoms can be controlled with medications, moisturizers, and avoidance of triggers.

Choice D reason: This statement is incorrect, as treatment for atopic dermatitis (eczema) does not include keeping the skin dry, but rather keeping the skin moist and hydrated. Dry skin can worsen the itching and inflammation of eczema, so the nurse should advise the parents to apply emollients to the infant's skin after bathing, use mild and fragrance-free soaps and detergents, and avoid excessive heat and sweating.

Choice A reason: This is not a good choice. Septic shock is a type of distributive shock that occurs when an infection causes a systemic inflammatory response that leads to vasodilation, hypotension, and organ dysfunction. Septic shock is not the most common type of shock in children, although it can be a serious and life-threatening condition.

Choice B reason: This is not a good choice. Anaphylactic shock is a type of distributive shock that occurs when an allergic reaction causes a severe and rapid hypersensitivity response that leads to bronchoconstriction, angioedema, and hypotension. Anaphylactic shock is not the most common type of shock in children, although it can be a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.

Choice C reason: This is not a good choice. Distributive shock is a broad category of shock that occurs when there is a loss of vascular tone and blood volume distribution that leads to hypoperfusion and tissue hypoxia. Distributive shock can be caused by various factors, such as sepsis, anaphylaxis, neurogenic injury, or adrenal insufficiency. Distributive shock is not the most common type of shock in children, although it can be a complex and challenging condition to manage.

Choice D reason: This is the correct choice. Hypovolemic shock is the most common type of shock in children. Hypovolemic shock occurs when there is a loss of blood or fluid volume that leads to decreased preload, cardiac output, and blood pressure. Hypovolemic shock can be caused by various factors, such as hemorrhage, dehydration, vomiting, diarrhea, or burns. Hypovolemic shock can be a life-threatening condition that requires prompt fluid resuscitation and correction of the underlying cause.