The recommended method of screening for overweight in children and adolescents is measuring the child's:

Choice A reason: This is not a good choice. Delaying dental visits until the child's heart defect is fully repaired is not a recommended practice. Dental hygiene is important for preventing oral infections that can spread to the bloodstream and cause infective endocarditis. The child should have regular dental check-ups and cleanings, as well as good oral care at home.

Choice B reason: This is the correct choice. Administration of antibiotics one hour prior to all dental procedures is a critical teaching point to emphasize for parents of a child with a complex congenital heart defect. Dental procedures can cause bleeding and bacteria to enter the bloodstream, which can infect the damaged or abnormal heart valves and cause infective endocarditis. Antibiotics can prevent or reduce the risk of this complication by killing the bacteria before they reach the heart.

Choice C reason: This is not a good choice. Administration of daily prophylactic antibiotics is not a necessary or effective measure for preventing infective endocarditis in a child with a complex congenital heart defect. Daily antibiotics can cause side effects, such as allergic reactions, diarrhea, or yeast infections. They can also lead to antibiotic resistance, which can make the bacteria harder to treat if they do cause an infection.

Choice D reason: This is not a good choice. High dose IV antibiotics for 2-8 weeks is not a preventive strategy for infective endocarditis, but a treatment option for an established infection. IV antibiotics are given to eradicate the bacteria from the bloodstream and the heart valves and prevent further damage or complications. However, IV antibiotics are not always effective and may have serious side effects, such as kidney damage, hearing loss, or allergic reactions. Therefore, prevention is better than cure.

Choice A reason: Somnolence, hypotension, and oliguria are signs of decompensated shock, which occurs when the body's compensatory mechanisms fail to maintain adequate tissue perfusion.

Choice B reason: Irritability, tachypnea, and hypotension are also signs of decompensated shock, as the respiratory rate increases to compensate for the low blood pressure and oxygen delivery.

Choice C reason: Irritability, capillary refill time > 2 seconds, and bradycardia are not typical signs of compensated shock, as the heart rate usually increases to maintain cardiac output and blood pressure.

Choice D reason: Irritability, tachycardia, and poor peripheral perfusion are signs of compensated shock, which occurs when the body tries to maintain adequate tissue perfusion by increasing the heart rate, constricting the peripheral blood vessels, and shunting blood to the vital organs.