The nurse is developing a teaching plan for an elderly patient who will begin taking an antihypertensive drug that causes dizziness and orthostatic hypotension. Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for this patient?

A. The ages and relationships of household members are subjective data because they are reported by the patient and not directly measured or observed.

B. Usual dietary patterns and intake are also subjective data, as they rely on patient self-reporting rather than measurable, verifiable findings.

C. A list of herbal supplements regularly used is subjective because it depends on the patient’s recall and self-reporting rather than objective measurement.

D. Lab values are considered objective data because they are measurable, verifiable, and obtained through diagnostic testing rather than patient self-reporting. Objective data are based on observable and quantifiable factors, making them more reliable for clinical decision-making.

a) Decreased drug effects are unlikely in liver disease because impaired liver function reduces drug metabolism, leading to higher drug concentrations in the bloodstream.

b) Increased drug effects occur because the liver is responsible for metabolizing many drugs. In liver disease, drug metabolism is slowed, leading to prolonged drug action and potential toxicity.

c) Decreased therapeutic range is not the primary concern. The therapeutic range refers to the safe and effective drug concentration, but liver disease mainly affects drug metabolism and clearance.

d) Increased therapeutic range is incorrect because liver disease does not widen the range of safe drug levels; instead, it increases the risk of drug accumulation and toxicity.