The nurse is caring for a pediatric client who experienced a "greenstick" fracture. The client's mother asks the nurse what it means to have this type of fracture. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

This means that the bone broke all the way through, perpendicular to the shaft.

This means that the bone broke in a spiral pattern.

This means that the bone bent and only the outer arc of the bend broke.

This means that the broken bone ends splintered into smaller pieces.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. This describes a transverse fracture, where the bone breaks completely across and perpendicular to the shaft. It does not describe a greenstick fracture.
B. A spiral fracture is caused by a twisting force, which results in a helical break. This is not a greenstick fracture.
C. A greenstick fracture occurs when the bone bends and cracks on the outer arc but does not break completely through. This type of fracture is more common in children because their bones are softer and more flexible.
D. This describes a comminuted fracture, where the bone breaks into several pieces. It does not match the description of a greenstick fracture.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Hypertonic fluids are not contraindicated in patients with cerebral edema. In fact, they are often used to reduce cerebral swelling by drawing fluid out of the brain tissue into the bloodstream.
B. Hypertonic saline (3%) is used to shift fluid out of brain tissue in conditions such as cerebral edema. It creates an osmotic gradient, pulling water from the intracellular space into the extracellular and vascular compartments, reducing intracranial pressure.
C. Hypertonic saline is not used for clients with hypernatremia because it would exacerbate the condition by further increasing sodium levels.
D. Hypertonic fluids do not promote hydration of brain tissue. Instead, they work to reduce excess fluid in the brain by creating an osmotic effect.

A. Flushed skin B. Confusion C. Extreme thirst D. Fever

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Flushed skin is typically associated with fever or infection, not with hyponatremia (low sodium levels).
B. Confusion is a common symptom of hyponatremia, especially when sodium levels drop significantly. The low sodium level affects brain function, leading to confusion, altered mental status, and even seizures in severe cases.
C. Extreme thirst is more commonly seen in hypernatremia (high sodium levels) as the body attempts to correct the imbalance by stimulating thirst.
D. Fever is not a direct consequence of hyponatremia but could be associated with an underlying infection or other conditions.

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The nurse is caring for a pediatric client who experienced a "greenstick" fracture. The client's mother asks the nurse what it means to have this type of fracture. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

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