The nurse is caring for a client with neurogenic diabetes insipidus and administers what drug to treat the condition.
Desmopressin.
Methylprednisolone.
Dexamethasone.
Physostigmine.
The Correct Answer is A
Desmopressin is a synthetic analog of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption and decrease urine output. Neurogenic diabetes insipidus is a condition caused by a deficiency of ADH due to damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. Patients with this condition have excessive thirst and urination, dehydration, and low urine specific gravity.
Choice B. Methylprednisolone is wrong because it is a corticosteroid that suppresses inflammation and immune response.
It is not used to treat diabetes insipidus.
Choice C. Dexamethasone is wrong because it is also a corticosteroid that has similar effects as methylprednisolone.
It is not used to treat diabetes insipidus.
Choice D. Physostigmine is wrong because it is a cholinesterase inhibitor that increases the levels of acetylcholine in the body.
It is used to treat myasthenia gravis and anticholinergic poisoning.
It has no effect on diabetes insipidus.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
This is because teriparatide affects calcium and phosphorus metabolism in a pattern consistent with the known actions of endogenous PTH (eg, increases serum calcium and decreases serum phosphorus)12.
Choice A is wrong because teriparatide does not decrease serum calcium, but increases it.
Choice C is wrong because teriparatide does not increase serum phosphorus, but decreases it.
Choice D is wrong because teriparatide does not decrease serum calcium, but increases it.
Normal ranges for serum calcium are 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL and for serum phosphorus are 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Oxygen cannot diffuse rapidly across the membrane to tissues in the eye. This is because diabetic retinopathy is a condition that occurs when high blood sugar levels damage the tiny blood vessels that nourish the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. As a result, the retina becomes ischemic (lacking oxygen) and tries to grow new blood vessels that are fragile and leaky.
Choice A is wrong because inability of cells in the eye to reproduce is not a cause of diabetic retinopathy.
The retina has a high metabolic rate and needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to function properly.
Choice B is wrong because increase of aqueous humor in the eye is not a cause of diabetic retinopathy.
Aqueous humor is the clear fluid that fills the front part of the eye, not the retina.
An increase of aqueous humor can cause glaucoma, which is a different eye disorder that affects the optic nerve.
Choice C is wrong because decrease of nerve innervations throughout the eye is not a cause of diabetic retinopathy.
Nerve innervations are the connections between nerves and other tissues, such as muscles or glands.
Diabetic retinopathy affects the blood vessels, not the nerves, of the retina.
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