The nurse is caring for a client with neurogenic diabetes insipidus and administers what drug to treat the condition.
Desmopressin.
Methylprednisolone.
Dexamethasone.
Physostigmine.
The Correct Answer is A
Desmopressin is a synthetic analog of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) that acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption and decrease urine output. Neurogenic diabetes insipidus is a condition caused by a deficiency of ADH due to damage to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland. Patients with this condition have excessive thirst and urination, dehydration, and low urine specific gravity.
Choice B. Methylprednisolone is wrong because it is a corticosteroid that suppresses inflammation and immune response.
It is not used to treat diabetes insipidus.
Choice C. Dexamethasone is wrong because it is also a corticosteroid that has similar effects as methylprednisolone.
It is not used to treat diabetes insipidus.
Choice D. Physostigmine is wrong because it is a cholinesterase inhibitor that increases the levels of acetylcholine in the body.
It is used to treat myasthenia gravis and anticholinergic poisoning.
It has no effect on diabetes insipidus.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
This is because prednisolone can cause insomnia if taken later in the day, and it mimics the natural secretion of cortisol by the adrenal glands, which peaks in the morning.
Choice A is wrong because splitting the dose into two equal doses can increase the risk of adrenal suppression and reduce the efficacy of alternate-day therapy (ADT), which is used to minimize adverse effects of corticosteroids.
Choice B is wrong because taking prednisolone before bedtime can interfere with sleep and cause nocturnal cortisol secretion, which can lead to Cushing syndrome.
Choice C is wrong because taking prednisolone 1 hour before meals can cause gastric irritation and ulceration, and it is recommended to take it with food or milk.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Phenothiazines are contraindicated in patients with suspected or established subcortical brain damage. Phenothiazines are a class of drugs that have antipsychotic, antiemetic, and sedative effects. They act by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain and can cause extrapyramidal symptoms, hypotension, and anticholinergic effects.
Choice B is wrong because phenothiazines are not contraindicated in patients with ischemic heart disease.
However, they can cause orthostatic hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias, so they should be used with caution and monitored closely in these patients.
Choice C is wrong because phenothiazines are not contraindicated in pediatric patients.
However, they can cause sedation, hypotension, and extrapyramidal symptoms, so they should be used with caution and at lower doses in these patients.
Choice D is wrong because phenothiazines are not contraindicated in patients with type 2 diabetes.
However, they can cause hyperglycemia and weight gain, so they should be used with caution and monitored closely in these patients.
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