The nurse is caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with diverticular disease. What dietary teaching will the nurse provide?

"You should increase your fiber intake and include more fresh fruits and vegetables in your diet."

"Avoid foods high in sugar."

"Decrease your fluid intake during the day."

"You should avoid small seeds and nuts."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice a reason:
Increasing fiber intake is crucial for clients with diverticular disease. A high-fiber diet softens the stool and helps it pass more easily, reducing the pressure in the digestive tract. Fresh fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of fiber and other nutrients essential for maintaining a healthy digestive system. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend a dietary fiber intake of 14 grams per 1,000 calories consumed, which equates to 28 grams per day for a 2,000-calorie diet.

Choice b reason:
While avoiding foods high in sugar is generally good advice for overall health, it is not specifically related to the management of diverticular disease. There is no direct link between sugar intake and the symptoms or complications of diverticular disease. However, a diet high in sugar can contribute to obesity, which is a risk factor for the development of diverticulosis.

Choice c reason:
Decreasing fluid intake is not recommended for clients with diverticular disease. In fact, adequate hydration is essential when increasing fiber intake. Fluids help fiber work better by allowing it to absorb water and expand, aiding in easier passage through the intestines.

Choice d reason:
The previous belief that small seeds and nuts should be avoided by individuals with diverticular disease has been debunked. Recent studies have shown that these foods do not increase the risk of complications and are not harmful to individuals with this condition. Therefore, this advice is outdated and no longer considered necessary as part of dietary teaching for diverticular disease.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A Reason
Monitoring for hypoglycemia at 1200 is not optimal because it is well past the peak action time of insulin aspart, which occurs approximately 45–90 minutes after administration. By noon, the insulin's effects are waning, and the risk of hypoglycemia is lower compared to the peak action period.

Choice B Reason
Monitoring at 1000 might still catch the tail end of the peak action time, but it is not the most likely time for hypoglycemia to occur. The nurse could miss the initial signs of hypoglycemia if monitoring starts two hours after administration.

Choice C Reason
0900 is the most appropriate time for the nurse to monitor for hypoglycemia. Insulin aspart has a rapid onset of action, peaking in about 45–90 minutes, and the effects last for 3–5 hours. Monitoring one hour after administration aligns with the start of the peak action time, when hypoglycemia is most likely to occur.

Choice D Reason
Monitoring at 1100 is less ideal because it is nearing the end of the peak action period. While there is still a risk for hypoglycemia, the highest risk would have been earlier, closer to the peak action time.

A. Increased blood glucose levels. B. Increased potassium levels. C. Increased white blood cell count. D. Increased ketones in the urine.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Prednisone is a corticosteroid that can cause hyperglycemia, especially in clients with diabetes. The nurse should monitor blood glucose levels because prednisone can increase insulin resistance and hepatic glucose production, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. Normal fasting blood glucose levels range from 70 to 99 mg/dL, and for individuals with diabetes, maintaining blood glucose levels within the target range set by their healthcare provider is crucial to prevent complications.

Choice B reason:
While corticosteroids can affect electrolyte balance, they typically cause a decrease in potassium levels, not an increase. Therefore, monitoring for hypokalemia, rather than hyperkalemia, would be more appropriate when a patient is on prednisone. The normal range for serum potassium is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L.

Choice C reason:
Corticosteroids like prednisone can cause leukocytosis, an increase in white blood cell count, as part of their immunosuppressive action. However, this is generally not a harmful side effect unless accompanied by infection or other complications. The normal range for white blood cell count is approximately 4,500 to 11,000 cells per microliter.

Choice D reason:
Increased ketones in the urine, or ketonuria, is not a typical side effect of prednisone. Ketonuria is more commonly associated with uncontrolled diabetes, particularly Type 1 diabetes, when there is an insulin deficiency and the body resorts to fat breakdown, leading to ketone production.

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The nurse is caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with diverticular disease. What dietary teaching will the nurse provide?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client receives the morning dose of 10 units of insulin aspart at 0800. At what time would the nurse monitor for hypoglycemia?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client with Type 2 diabetes, controlled with diet and metformin, also has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). During an exacerbation of COPD, the client is prescribed prednisone to control inflammation. For which side effect should the nurse monitor the client?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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