A nurse is discussing gout with a client who is concerned about developing the disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as risk factors for this disease? (Select all that apply)
Obesity
The client drinks several glasses of beer every night.
Use of a thiazide diuretic.
Depression.
Hypertension.
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E
Choice A reason:
Obesity is a significant risk factor for gout. It can lead to increased production and decreased excretion of uric acid, which in turn can cause gout attacks. The normal body mass index (BMI) range is 18.5 to 24.9, and a BMI of 30 or above is considered obese.
Choice B reason:
Regular consumption of beer can increase the risk of gout. Beer is high in purines, which the body breaks down into uric acid, and alcohol can reduce the excretion of uric acid by the kidneys. Moderation in alcohol consumption is advised, with the recommendation being up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men.
Choice C reason:
Thiazide diuretics are associated with an increased risk of gout. They can decrease the kidney's ability to remove uric acid from the body, leading to its accumulation. When prescribing thiazide diuretics, healthcare providers often monitor uric acid levels and consider alternative medications if the patient has a history of gout.
Choice D reason:
Depression is not directly identified as a risk factor for developing gout. However, some lifestyle factors associated with depression, such as poor diet and inactivity, could indirectly increase the risk.
Choice E reason:
Hypertension is a known risk factor for gout. High blood pressure can impair kidney function, which is responsible for excreting uric acid, thus leading to hyperuricemia and gout. The normal range for blood pressure is considered to be below 120/80 mmHg.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A Reason
The continuous nature of the mucosa refers to the uninterrupted lining of the urinary tract, which provides a barrier against pathogens. However, this characteristic is not a significant factor in the increased susceptibility of women to cystitis. Both men and women have a continuous mucosal lining, and it does not account for the gender difference in infection rates.
Choice B Reason
High estrogen levels can influence the tissues of the urinary tract and may affect susceptibility to infections. However, the role of estrogen in the development of cystitis is not as direct or significant as anatomical differences. Estrogen levels vary throughout a woman's life and do not consistently correlate with cystitis risk.
Choice C Reason
Urethral proximity to the rectum is the most significant anatomical factor contributing to a woman's increased susceptibility to cystitis¹⁴. Women have a shorter urethra than men, and its close proximity to the anus allows bacteria from the bowel area to more easily enter the urinary tract and cause infections.
Choice D Reason
Inadequate fluid intake can lead to less frequent urination, which is a risk factor for cystitis because it reduces the natural flushing of bacteria from the urinary tract. However, this is a modifiable risk factor and does not inherently explain the higher incidence of cystitis in women compared to men.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A Reason
A negative sputum culture is the most definitive indicator of the effectiveness of tuberculosis (TB) treatment. When a patient with active TB starts on medication, the goal is to eliminate the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria from the body. A sputum culture that turns from positive to negative signifies that the bacteria have been eradicated from the respiratory secretions, indicating successful treatment.
Choice B Reason
While decreased hemoptysis (coughing up blood) is a positive sign and indicates an improvement in the patient's condition, it is not the most reliable parameter for determining the effectiveness of TB therapy. Hemoptysis may decrease as the patient's overall condition improves, but it does not confirm the eradication of the TB bacteria.
Choice C Reason
An improved chest x-ray can show a reduction in the lesions caused by TB, which is a good sign of recovery. However, chest x-rays cannot confirm whether the TB bacteria have been completely eliminated. They are more of a supportive indicator rather than a definitive one.
Choice D Reason
A decreased rate of coughing is another sign that the patient is responding to treatment, as coughing is a primary symptom of TB. However, similar to hemoptysis and chest x-ray improvements, a decrease in coughing does not necessarily mean that the TB bacteria have been fully cleared from the body.
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