The nurse is assessing a patient with acute renal failure.
Which of the following would be a priority nursing intervention?
Administering a potassium-sparing diuretic.
Encouraging the patient to consume a high-sodium diet.
Monitoring urine output and fluid balance.
Administering intravenous antibiotics.
The Correct Answer is C
This is because acute renal failure is a condition where the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste and excess fluid from the blood. This can lead to fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, and metabolic acidosis. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the patient’s urine output and fluid balance to assess the severity of the renal impairment and prevent complications.
Choice A is wrong because administering a potassium-sparing diuretic would worsen the patient’s hyperkalemia, which is a common complication of acute renal failure.
Choice B is wrong because encouraging the patient to consume a high-sodium diet would increase the patient’s fluid retention and blood pressure, which can further damage the kidneys.
Choice D is wrong because administering intravenous antibiotics is not a priority intervention for acute renal failure unless there is a specific indication of infection.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
This is because hyperkalemia is a condition where the blood potassium level is too high.
This can cause cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and paralysis. Therefore, the nurse should administer intravenous insulin and glucose to lower the blood potassium level by shifting it into the cells.
Choice A is wrong because encouraging the patient to consume a high- potassium diet would increase the blood potassium level and worsen the condition.
Choice C is wrong because administering a potassium-sparing diuretic would prevent the excretion of excess potassium and aggravate the hyperkalemia.
Choice D is wrong because encouraging the patient to limit fluid intake is not relevant to the management of hyperkalemia and may cause dehydration.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Acute renal injury (ARI) is a term for a reversible syndrome that results in decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and oliguria. GFR is a measure of how well the kidneys filter blood and oliguria is a condition of producing less than normal amounts of urine.
Choice B is wrong because chronic renal injury (CRI) is not a reversible syndrome, but a progressive loss of kidney function over months or years.
Choice C is wrong because end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is not a reversible syndrome, but a condition where the kidneys have lost most or all of their function and dialysis or transplantation is required.
Choice D is wrong because acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is not a term for a syndrome, but a specific type of acute kidney injury that involves damage to the tubules, the part of the nephron that reabsorbs water and solutes from the filtrate.
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