The nurse is assessing a client with suspected hepatitis. Which finding is most indicative of this condition?

Anorexia

Clay-colored stools

Brown, foamy urine

Hematemesis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Anorexia is common in hepatitis due to systemic inflammation but is nonspecific, occurring in many conditions. Clay-colored stools directly indicate impaired bile excretion from liver dysfunction, a hallmark of hepatitis, making it a more diagnostic finding.

Choice B reason: Clay-colored stools are highly indicative of hepatitis, as liver inflammation impairs bile production or excretion, reducing bilirubin in feces. This causes pale stools, reflecting hepatic dysfunction, making it a key finding to confirm hepatitis over nonspecific symptoms like anorexia.

Choice C reason: Brown, foamy urine is not typical of hepatitis. Dark urine from bilirubinuria may occur, but foamy urine suggests proteinuria, unrelated to liver dysfunction. Clay-colored stools are more specific, indicating bile flow obstruction, a direct sign of hepatitis pathology.

Choice D reason: Hematemesis indicates gastrointestinal bleeding, not a primary hepatitis feature. While advanced liver disease may cause variceal bleeding, clay-colored stools are an earlier, more specific sign of hepatitis-related bile impairment, making them the priority finding in acute cases.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Age over 40 increases cholelithiasis risk due to reduced gallbladder motility and increased bile cholesterol saturation, promoting gallstone formation. Aging alters bile composition, with higher lithogenic potential, making older adults more susceptible to cholesterol gallstones, a primary type in Western populations.

Choice B reason: Daily walking of 2 to 3 miles reduces cholelithiasis risk by promoting physical activity, which enhances gallbladder motility and reduces bile stasis. Exercise lowers cholesterol levels in bile, decreasing stone formation, making this a protective factor rather than a risk.

Choice C reason: A low-fat diet decreases cholelithiasis risk by reducing dietary cholesterol intake, which lowers bile cholesterol saturation. This promotes healthier bile composition, reducing the likelihood of cholesterol gallstone formation, making it a protective dietary habit rather than a risk factor.

Choice D reason: Male gender is associated with a lower risk of cholelithiasis compared to females, who have higher estrogen levels that increase bile cholesterol. Men have less lithogenic bile, making gender a protective factor, not a significant risk, unlike age-related changes.

A. Increase carbohydrate intake at meals B. Review the client’s medication regimen C. Monitor blood glucose every hour D. Encourage high-protein snacks

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Increasing carbohydrate intake may prevent hypoglycemia but does not address the root cause, such as excessive insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents. Reviewing medications identifies dosing issues, ensuring safer management of type 2 diabetes, making it the priority over dietary changes.

Choice B reason: Reviewing the medication regimen is critical, as hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes often results from excessive insulin or sulfonylureas. Adjusting doses or timing with a provider prevents recurrent episodes, addressing the primary cause and ensuring safe glycemic control, making it the priority action.

Choice C reason: Monitoring blood glucose hourly is reactive and impractical long-term. It confirms hypoglycemia but does not prevent it. Reviewing medications addresses the cause, such as inappropriate dosing, making it more effective for managing recurrent hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.

Choice D reason: High-protein snacks stabilize blood glucose but are secondary to addressing medication-related hypoglycemia. Excessive insulin or oral agents are likely causes, so reviewing the regimen is prioritized to correct dosing, preventing recurrent episodes more effectively than dietary adjustments alone.

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The nurse is assessing a client with suspected hepatitis. Which finding is most indicative of this condition?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is reviewing risk factors for cholelithiasis in a client’s history. Which factor most significantly increases the client’s risk for developing gallstones?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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