The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with late-stage ovarian cancer. Which assessment finding is related to advanced stage ovarian cancer?

A. This statement is false in terms of being a major risk factor for cervical cancer. While excessive alcohol consumption may have various health implications, moderate drinking, such as a glass of red wine with dinner, is not directly linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer.

B. Infection with certain high-risk strains of HPV is a major risk factor for cervical cancer. HPV is a sexually transmitted virus that can cause changes in cervical cells, leading to dysplasia and potentially progressing to cancer if not monitored and treated.
C. In fact, regular Pap tests are a preventive measure that can help detect cervical changes early before they develop into cancer. They are not a risk factor but rather a protective factor against the progression of cervical dysplasia to cancer.
D. While sexual history can influence HPV transmission, simply being married to the same person for an extended period does not inherently increase the risk of cervical cancer.

A. This response is relevant and helps assess the characteristics of the lump. Pain can be an important factor in differentiating between conditions, such as epididymitis, testicular torsion, or tumors. However, while it is a useful question, it may not provide a comprehensive assessment of the situation.
B. This question can be relevant depending on the underlying cause of the lump. Issues with urination may suggest a problem related to the prostate or bladder rather than the testicle itself. While it can help assess urinary tract involvement, it may not directly address the significance of the lump in the testicle.
C. This question is important in the context of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which can cause scrotal swelling or lumps due to conditions like epididymitis or orchitis. However, it does not directly assess the lump itself, making it less focused on the immediate concern.
D. This question addresses the possibility of an STI and related conditions. While it is relevant, it is not the best immediate question concerning the lump in the testicle. The presence of discharge may not directly correlate with the testicular lump itself.