The nurse discussing potential risk factors of infective endocarditis with a hospitalized client would include which of the following as a potential risk factor of this disease process?

Prosthetic cardiac valves

Sedentary lifestyle

Radiation exposure

Cardiac catheterization

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. The presence of prosthetic heart valves is a significant risk factor for infective endocarditis due to the increased likelihood of bacterial colonization.
B. Sedentary lifestyle is not a direct risk factor for infective endocarditis, though it may contribute to other cardiovascular issues.
C. Radiation exposure – While it may affect cardiac tissue, it is not considered a risk factor for infective endocarditis.
D. Cardiac catheterization – While it is an invasive procedure, it is not a major or common risk factor for infective endocarditis compared to prosthetic valves or structural heart defects.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Splinter hemorrhages are a common sign of infective endocarditis but are not immediately life-threatening.
B. Fever is a typical manifestation of infection and expected in infective endocarditis, not a priority unless unresponsive to treatment.
C. Clusters of petechiae in the mouth indicate microemboli or vascular involvement, but they are not an acute threat.
D. Dyspnea is the priority finding because it may indicate heart failure or pulmonary embolism, both of which are serious complications of infective endocarditis and require immediate intervention.

A. Ventricular tachycardia B. Atrial flutter C. Atrial fibrillation D. Ventricular fibrillation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Ventricular tachycardia presents with wide QRS complexes and a fast ventricular rate, but not sawtooth P waves.
B. Atrial flutter is characterized by a rapid atrial rate (typically around 250–350 beats/min) and "sawtooth" flutter waves on the ECG. The ventricular response is often regular, as seen in this client with a ventricular rate of 82 beats/min.
C. Atrial fibrillation presents with an irregularly irregular rhythm and absent P waves, replaced by fibrillatory waves — not the sawtooth pattern described here.
D. Ventricular fibrillation shows chaotic, irregular, and disorganized electrical activity with no identifiable P waves, QRS complexes, or T waves, and would not present as a stable rhythm with a ventricular rate of 82 bpm.

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The nurse discussing potential risk factors of infective endocarditis with a hospitalized client would include which of the following as a potential risk factor of this disease process?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has infective endocarditis. Which of the following findings should be the priority for the nurse to report to the provider?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is monitoring a client in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) following a coronary artery bypass graft, observing a regular ventricular rate of 82 beats/min and "sawtooth" P waves with an atrial rate of approximately 300 beat/min. How does the nurse interpret this rhythm?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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