The nurse administers a drug that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. What physiologic response would indicate that the drug is working?

Pupil dilation

Increased gastrointestinal motility

Vasoconstriction

Increased heart rate

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) Pupil dilation:
Pupil dilation is typically a response from stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, not the parasympathetic system. The parasympathetic system tends to cause pupil constriction, so pupil dilation would not be an expected response to a parasympathetic agonist.

B) Increased gastrointestinal motility:
Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the "rest and digest" response, promotes the movement of food through the digestive tract, increasing gastrointestinal motility. This response is a classic sign that the parasympathetic system is being activated. Drugs that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system often aim to enhance digestive functions.

C) Vasoconstriction:
Vasoconstriction is typically mediated by the sympathetic nervous system, not the parasympathetic system. The sympathetic nervous system activates alpha-adrenergic receptors that cause blood vessels to constrict, raising blood pressure. The parasympathetic system, on the other hand, typically promotes vasodilation, lowering blood pressure.

D) Increased heart rate:
Increased heart rate is generally associated with the sympathetic nervous system, which prepares the body for "fight or flight." The parasympathetic nervous system, in contrast, slows down the heart rate through vagal stimulation, so an increase in heart rate would not be the expected response to parasympathetic stimulation.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Tell the spouse that medication therapy can be curative if drugs are begun in time: Medication for Parkinson's disease (PD), such as levodopa, can help manage symptoms, but it is not curative. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, and while medications can improve quality of life by alleviating symptoms, they do not stop the disease’s progression. Therefore, suggesting that medication therapy can be curative would be misleading.
B) Recommend exercise, nutritional counseling, and group support to help manage the disease: This is the most accurate and appropriate response. While medications are an important part of managing Parkinson's disease, non-pharmacological approaches, such as exercise, nutritional counseling, and support groups, play a critical role in improving overall function, mobility, and quality of life. Exercise, in particular, can help maintain mobility and reduce rigidity, while a balanced diet can assist in managing issues like constipation or swallowing difficulties. Group support can provide emotional support and help the patient and family navigate the challenges of living with PD.
C) Tell the spouse that the disease will not progress if mild symptoms are treated early: Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive condition, and while early treatment can help manage symptoms, it does not prevent the disease from progressing. Suggesting that the disease will not progress if symptoms are treated early would be unrealistic and could create false hope.
D) Counsel the spouse that parkinsonism is a normal part of the aging process in some people: While Parkinson's disease symptoms may appear in older adults, it is not a normal part of aging. Parkinson’s disease is a specific neurodegenerative condition, and its symptoms, such as tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity, go beyond normal age-related changes. Misleading the spouse by categorizing it as "normal aging" would undermine the importance of proper diagnosis, treatment, and care.

A. Central nervous system (CNS), memory, and cognition B. Cardiovascular system and postural muscles C. Respiratory system and facial muscles D. Gastrointestinal system (GI) and lower extremity muscles

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Central nervous system (CNS), memory, and cognition: Myasthenia gravis (MG) primarily affects the neuromuscular junction, causing muscle weakness, not directly the central nervous system. While cognitive function may be affected in some patients due to fatigue or medication side effects, it is not the main system affected by MG.

B) Cardiovascular system and postural muscles: Myasthenia gravis primarily affects skeletal muscles, especially those responsible for voluntary movements like facial muscles, swallowing, and respiratory muscles. While MG can lead to general weakness, it does not typically affect the cardiovascular system directly.

C) Respiratory system and facial muscles: This is the correct answer. Myasthenia gravis primarily affects the voluntary muscles, particularly those controlling eye movements, facial expressions, swallowing, and breathing. The respiratory system is vulnerable due to weakness of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, which can lead to respiratory distress in severe cases. Facial muscles are commonly affected, leading to symptoms like ptosis (drooping eyelids) and difficulty smiling or speaking.

D) Gastrointestinal system (GI) and lower extremity muscles: Although myasthenia gravis can cause generalized muscle weakness, it is not typically associated with the gastrointestinal system. The primary impact is on the voluntary muscles, such as those in the face, throat, and respiratory system. Lower extremity muscles can be affected, but the respiratory and facial muscles are more commonly involved.

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The nurse administers a drug that stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. What physiologic response would indicate that the drug is working?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The spouse of a patient newly diagnosed with mild, unilateral symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) asks the nurse what, besides medication, can be done to manage the disease. The nurse will:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is preparing to care for a patient who has myasthenia gravis. The nurse will be alert to symptoms affecting which body system in this patient?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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