A young woman, who lives alone, comes home at night to find a man in her apartment. What body responses would be expected for this young woman?

decreased sweating, decreased BP, and increased heart rate

Increased sweating, decreased respiratory rate, and increased BP

Pupil constriction, increased respiratory rate, and decreased heart rate

Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and pupil dilation

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) Decreased sweating, decreased BP, and increased heart rate: This combination does not reflect a typical stress response. In stressful or threatening situations, the body activates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to increased sweating, elevated blood pressure, and other physiological changes, rather than a decrease in blood pressure.
B) Increased sweating, decreased respiratory rate, and increased BP: In a stressful situation, sweating would indeed increase due to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. However, the respiratory rate would typically increase, not decrease, as the body prepares for the "fight or flight" response. Increased blood pressure is expected, but decreased respiratory rate does not align with this response.
C) Pupil constriction, increased respiratory rate, and decreased heart rate: Pupil constriction is not characteristic of the "fight or flight" response; instead, pupil dilation occurs as part of the body's preparation to react to a threat. Increased respiratory rate and heart rate are typically seen during stress, but decreased heart rate would not be expected in such a situation.
D) Increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and pupil dilation: This is the correct response. When faced with a threatening situation, the body activates the sympathetic nervous system, triggering the "fight or flight" response. This includes increased blood pressure and heart rate to prepare the body for action, as well as pupil dilation (mydriasis) to enhance vision and perception of the environment. These changes help the body respond quickly to a perceived danger.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Increase in mental acuity: Beta-adrenergic blockers (beta-blockers) do not directly affect mental acuity. In fact, some beta-blockers may cause side effects like fatigue or drowsiness, which can affect mental sharpness. Beta-blockers primarily focus on cardiovascular effects, not cognitive function, making this an unlikely therapeutic goal for their use.
B) Slowing of gastrointestinal motility: Beta-blockers can reduce sympathetic nervous system activity, which may indirectly affect the gastrointestinal system. However, slowing gastrointestinal motility is not a primary therapeutic goal of beta-blocker therapy. The main action of beta-blockers is in the cardiovascular system, not in regulating GI function.
C) Decreased production in gastric acid: Beta-blockers do not significantly reduce gastric acid production. Medications such as proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers are typically used for managing gastric acid production or reflux. Beta-blockers focus on reducing the workload of the heart and controlling blood pressure, not on acid secretion.
D) Reduction in the heart rate and blood pressure: The primary therapeutic effect of beta-blockers is the reduction of heart rate (negative chronotropic effect) and blood pressure (due to reduced cardiac output and inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system). This is especially beneficial for managing conditions like hypertension, heart failure, and arrhythmias. It is the most likely goal of beta-blocker therapy prescribed by the provider.

A. Decrease in heart rate and perfusion, and an increase in inflammatory response B. Increase motility and secretion in the GI tract, constriction of bronchi and pupils C. Increase in blood pressure, bronchodilation, and decrease bowel sounds D. Decrease in sweating, decrease in respiration, and pupil constriction

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Decrease in heart rate and perfusion, and an increase in inflammatory response: These manifestations suggest parasympathetic nervous system activation, not the sympathetic response. The sympathetic system generally increases heart rate and perfusion to support "fight or flight" responses. Additionally, inflammatory responses are more immune-related and are not a direct effect of sympathetic activation.

B) Increase motility and secretion in the GI tract, constriction of bronchi and pupils: This is characteristic of parasympathetic nervous system activity. The parasympathetic system stimulates digestion (increased motility and secretion) and causes bronchoconstriction and pupil constriction (miosis). The sympathetic nervous system, in contrast, inhibits GI motility and causes bronchodilation and pupil dilation.

C) Increase in blood pressure, bronchodilation, and decrease bowel sounds: These are hallmark signs of sympathetic nervous system activation. When the sympathetic system is activated during stress or danger, it leads to vasoconstriction, which increases blood pressure. Bronchodilation occurs to allow more oxygen intake, and GI motility decreases (manifested as reduced bowel sounds) to redirect energy to more vital functions, like increased circulation to muscles.

D) Decrease in sweating, decrease in respiration, and pupil constriction: These signs suggest parasympathetic or a relaxed state. The sympathetic nervous system typically increases sweating, respiration, and causes pupil dilation to prepare the body for increased activity. Decreased sweating and respiration, along with pupil constriction, would not be consistent with the sympathetic response.

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A young woman, who lives alone, comes home at night to find a man in her apartment. What body responses would be expected for this young woman?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client primary care provider prescribed a B-adrenergic receptor blocker. Which of the following therapeutic effects do the client and care provider likely seek?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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