The molecule that traps the sun's energy is
Chlorophyll
ATP
Chloroplast
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Rubisco
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale: Chlorophyll is the molecule that traps the sun's energy and initiates the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, stored in the bonds of sugar molecules. Chlorophyll is a green pigment that is found in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts, the organelles where photosynthesis occurs. Chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light from the sun and reflects green light, giving plants their characteristic color. Chlorophyll also transfers the light energy to electrons, which are then used to split water molecules and generate ATP and NADPH, the energy intermediates for the dark reaction of photosynthesis¹².
Choice B rationale: ATP is not the molecule that traps the sun's energy, but an energy molecule that is synthesized by the light reaction of photosynthesis. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate, and it consists of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups. ATP stores energy in the bonds between the phosphate groups, and releases energy when one of the bonds is broken, forming ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and Pi (inorganic phosphate). ATP provides energy for the dark reaction of photosynthesis, which uses CO2 to produce glucose, a type of sugar³⁴.
Choice C rationale: Chloroplast is not the molecule that traps the sun's energy, but the organelle where photosynthesis occurs. Chloroplast is a membrane-bound structure that is found in the cytoplasm of plant cells. Chloroplast contains its own DNA and ribosomes, and can divide independently of the cell. Chloroplast has two main parts: the stroma, which is the fluid-filled space inside the chloroplast, and the thylakoid, which is a system of flattened sacs that contain chlorophyll and other pigments. The light reaction of photosynthesis takes place in the thylakoid, while the dark reaction takes place in the stroma⁵⁶.
Choice D rationale: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is not the molecule that traps the sun's energy, but an intermediate molecule in the dark reaction of photosynthesis. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, also known as G3P, is a three-carbon sugar that is formed from CO2 and energy intermediates from the light reaction. G3P can be converted to glucose, which is the main product of photosynthesis, or to other organic molecules, such as amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides. G3P can also be recycled to regenerate the five-carbon starter molecule called ribulose, which is needed for the dark reaction to continue⁷⁸.
Choice E rationale: Rubisco is not the molecule that traps the sun's energy, but an enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the dark reaction of photosynthesis. Rubisco stands for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, and it is the most abundant protein on Earth. Rubisco combines CO2 with ribulose, a five-carbon sugar, to form a six-carbon intermediate that splits into two molecules of G3P. Rubisco is also responsible for a wasteful process called photorespiration, in which it binds O2 instead of CO2, resulting in the loss of carbon and energy⁹ .
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B","dropdown-group-2":"B"}
Explanation
Choice A rationale: Low, high is incorrect because it is the opposite of the direction of simple diffusion. Simple diffusion is the passive movement of molecules along their concentration gradient, which means from high to low concentration.
Choice B rationale: Low, equal is incorrect because it is not the final state of simple diffusion. Simple diffusion will continue until the concentration of molecules is equal on both sides of the membrane.
Choice C rationale: Equal, low is incorrect because it is not possible for simple diffusion. Simple diffusion will stop when the concentration of molecules is equal on both sides of the membrane, and there will be no net movement of molecules.
Choice D rationale: Equal, high is incorrect because it is not possible for simple diffusion. Simple diffusion will stop when the concentration of molecules is equal on both sides of the membrane, and there will be no net movement of molecules.
Choice E rationale: High, low is correct because it is the definition of simple diffusion. Simple diffusion is the passive movement of molecules along their concentration gradient, which means from high to low concentration.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale: Sudan IV is a stain used to stain lipids. It is a red powder that dissolves in lipids and stains them red, but does not react with sugars. ¹
Choice B rationale: Benedict's is a reagent used to test for reducing sugars. It is a blue solution of copper (II) sulfate, sodium carbonate, and sodium citrate that reduces the copper (II) ions to copper (I) ions when heated with a reducing sugar, forming a red, orange, or green precipitate of copper (I) oxide. ⁴
Choice C rationale: Biuret is a reagent used to test for proteins and polypeptides. It is a blue solution of copper (II) sulfate and sodium hydroxide that forms a violet or pink complex with the peptide bonds in proteins or peptides. ⁸
Choice D rationale: Phenol red is a pH indicator. It is a red solution that changes color from yellow to red over the pH range 6.8 to 8.2, and from pink to fuchsia over 8.2 to 10.0. It does not react with sugars. ¹¹
Choice E rationale: Iodine is a reagent used to test for starch. It is a brown solution of iodine and potassium iodide that forms a blue-black complex with the starch molecules. It does not react with simple sugars. ¹⁴
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