In dialysis, the cleansing of wastes from the blood is achieved by
Movement of water into the blood from the dialysis solution
Simple diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane
Active transport across a semi-permeable membrane
Active transport of glucose from the blood to the dialysis solution
Facilitated diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale: Movement of water into the blood from the dialysis solution is incorrect because it is not the main goal of dialysis. Dialysis aims to remove excess water and solutes from the blood, not to add more water to it. The dialysis solution is usually isotonic to the blood, which means it has the same osmotic pressure and does not cause water movement.
Choice B rationale: Simple diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane is correct because it is the process of dialysis. Dialysis is the separation of small molecules from large molecules by using a membrane that allows only the small molecules to pass through. The dialysis membrane is semi-permeable, which means it is selective in what it allows to cross. The dialysis solution contains a lower concentration of wastes than the blood, which creates a concentration gradient that drives the diffusion of wastes from the blood to the solution.
Choice C rationale: Active transport across a semi-permeable membrane is incorrect because it is not involved in dialysis. Active transport is the movement of molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient, which requires energy and transport proteins. Active transport is not necessary for dialysis, since the concentration gradient is favorable for diffusion.
Choice D rationale: Active transport of glucose from the blood to the dialysis solution is incorrect because it is not beneficial for dialysis. Glucose is a vital nutrient for the body, and it should not be removed from the blood. The dialysis solution usually contains glucose to prevent its loss from the blood by diffusion.
Choice E rationale: Facilitated diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane is incorrect because it is not relevant for dialysis. Facilitated diffusion is the passive movement of molecules across a membrane with the help of transport proteins. Facilitated diffusion is not needed for dialysis, since the wastes are small enough to cross the membrane by simple diffusion.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale: Distilled water is not a positive control, but a negative control for the iodine test. Distilled water is a pure solvent that does not contain any starch or other carbohydrates. It does not react with the iodine solution and does not produce any color change. A negative control is used to confirm that there is no response to the reagent or the microorganism used in the test. It is used to set the baseline and verify that the detecting reagent is working properly³.
Choice B rationale: Olive oil is not a positive control, but a negative control for the iodine test. Olive oil is a lipid that does not contain any starch or other carbohydrates. It does not react with the iodine solution and does not produce any color change. A negative control is used to confirm that there is no response to the reagent or the microorganism used in the test. It is used to set the baseline and verify that the detecting reagent is working properly³.
Choice C rationale: Albumin solution is not a positive control, but a negative control for the iodine test. Albumin is a protein that does not contain any starch or other carbohydrates. It does not react with the iodine solution and does not produce any color change. A negative control is used to confirm that there is no response to the reagent or the microorganism used in the test. It is used to set the baseline and verify that the detecting reagent is working properly³.
Choice D rationale: Starch solution is a positive control for the iodine test. Starch is a polysaccharide that contains many glucose units linked by glycosidic bonds. Starch reacts with the iodine solution and produces a blue-black color. A positive control is used to confirm that the test works and gives a positive result when the substance is present³.
Choice E rationale: Glucose solution is not a positive control, but a negative control for the iodine test. Glucose is a monosaccharide that does not contain any glycosidic bonds. Glucose does not react with the iodine solution and does not produce any color change. A negative control is used to confirm that there is no response to the reagent or the microorganism used in the test. It is used to set the baseline and verify that the detecting reagent is working properly³.
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"B","dropdown-group-2":"B"}
Explanation
Choice A rationale: Low, high is incorrect because it is the opposite of the direction of simple diffusion. Simple diffusion is the passive movement of molecules along their concentration gradient, which means from high to low concentration.
Choice B rationale: Low, equal is incorrect because it is not the final state of simple diffusion. Simple diffusion will continue until the concentration of molecules is equal on both sides of the membrane.
Choice C rationale: Equal, low is incorrect because it is not possible for simple diffusion. Simple diffusion will stop when the concentration of molecules is equal on both sides of the membrane, and there will be no net movement of molecules.
Choice D rationale: Equal, high is incorrect because it is not possible for simple diffusion. Simple diffusion will stop when the concentration of molecules is equal on both sides of the membrane, and there will be no net movement of molecules.
Choice E rationale: High, low is correct because it is the definition of simple diffusion. Simple diffusion is the passive movement of molecules along their concentration gradient, which means from high to low concentration.
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