The healthcare provider prescribes penicillin 200, 000 units intramuscularly for a client with pneumonia. The available vial is labeled, "Penicillin 500,000 units/mL". How many mL should the nurse administer to this client?
(Enter numerical value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest tenth.)

A. Evaluate upper and lower extremities for perfusion, pulse volume, and pitting edema:
This option focuses on assessing perfusion and circulation in the extremities. While it's important in certain situations, in the context of a client who recently underwent cardiac stent placement and is now experiencing chest pressure and shortness of breath, the priority is to assess the cardiac status more directly.

B. Listen for extra heart sounds, murmurs, and rhythm with the bell of the stethoscope:
This option involves auscultating the heart for abnormal sounds or rhythms. While it's a valuable assessment in general, in this particular scenario, obtaining an electrocardiogram (ECG) and initiating continuous cardiac monitoring would provide a more comprehensive and immediate evaluation of the cardiac status.

C. Obtain a 12-lead electrocardiogram and begin continuous cardiac monitoring:
This is the correct choice. Obtaining a 12-lead ECG and initiating continuous cardiac monitoring is crucial in assessing the client's cardiac function. It allows for the detection of any acute changes in the heart's electrical activity or rhythm, which is essential for timely intervention and management.

D. Verify troponin level assessments are scheduled every 3-6 hours for a series of three:
Monitoring troponin levels is important in assessing cardiac damage, but in this acute situation, obtaining an immediate ECG and initiating continuous cardiac monitoring take precedence for a more real-time evaluation of the client's cardiac status. Troponin levels may be monitored subsequently based on the initial findings.

A. Guidelines for oxygen use:
While guidelines for oxygen use are important, addressing the root cause of the respiratory condition, which includes smoking cessation, is crucial for long-term management.

B. Methods for weight loss:
Obesity can contribute to respiratory issues, but in the immediate context of emphysema exacerbation and the need for oxygen therapy, smoking cessation is a more urgent concern.

C. Approaches to conserve energy:
Conserving energy is important for clients with emphysema, but addressing the impact of smoking on respiratory function is a more immediate priority.

D. Strategies for smoking cessation.
Smoking is a major contributor to the progression of emphysema and exacerbation of respiratory symptoms. Addressing smoking cessation is crucial in improving the client's respiratory function and overall health. Continuing to smoke can exacerbate emphysema and compromise the effectiveness of other interventions, including oxygen therapy.