The health care provider orders a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) machine to provide pain relief for a patient with acute surgical pain who has never received opioids before. Which nursing actions regarding opioid administration are appropriate at this time? (Select all that apply.)

B. Minimal edema (swelling) around the pin insertion site is an expected finding in clients with skeletal traction. Some degree of swelling may occur due to tissue trauma and the presence of foreign objects (such as the traction pins) within the soft tissues.

C. Slight pain or discomfort at the pin insertion site is common in clients with skeletal traction. The presence of traction pins can cause irritation or discomfort, especially during movement or weight- bearing activities.

A. Elastic bandages are not typically used to secure traction ropes in skeletal traction. Traction is usually maintained using specialized devices or weights attached to the traction ropes.

D.A small amount of clear, watery drainage is normal. This is the body's natural response to injury.

E. Movement of the pin at the insertion site is not an expected finding and may indicate inadequate stabilization or loosening of the pin. The pins should be securely anchored to the bone to maintain proper traction and stability.

C. Education about the benefits of pain management, including how analgesics can improve postoperative activity levels by reducing pain and discomfort, helps to promote the patient's understanding and engagement in their own care.

D. Nurses should closely monitor the patient for both therapeutic effects and adverse effects of opioid administration when using PCA or any other opioid analgesic. Regular assessment allows for prompt identification and management of any complications or side effects.

A. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is designed for the patient to self-administer pain medication according to their own needs and pain levels.

B. Opioid dosing should be individualized based on the patient's pain level and response to the medication. Some patients may require ongoing opioid analgesia for more than two days postoperatively, while others may be able to transition to alternative pain management strategies sooner.

E. Concerns about opioid addiction should not be assumed in all patients, especially those who have never received opioids before. Instead, the focus should be on assessing the patient's pain levels, response to pain medication, and any adverse effects.