The diagnosis of pregnancy is based on which positive signs of pregnancy? (Select all that apply.)

The correct answer is choice C. Increased insulin production.Infants with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are at risk for hypoglycemia due to poor nutrient reserves and hyperinsulinism.

Hyperinsulinism is a condition where the pancreas produces too much insulin, which lowers the blood glucose level.Infants with IUGR may have hyperinsulinism because of placental insufficiency, maternal diabetes, or fetal stress.

Choice A is wrong because increased glycogen stores would protect against hypoglycemia, not cause it.

Glycogen is a form of stored glucose that can be broken down when blood glucose level is low.

Choice B is wrong because decreased gluconeogenesis would also protect against hypoglycemia, not cause it.

Gluconeogenesis is a process where the liver makes glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids or lactate.

Choice D is wrong because decreased glucose consumption would also protect against hypoglycemia, not cause it.

Glucose consumption is the rate at which cells use glucose for energy production.

If glucose consumption is low, blood glucose level would be high.

The correct answer is choice B. Hypoglycemia.Hypoglycemia is a condition where the blood sugar level is too low, which can affect the brain function and cause symptoms such as jitteriness, poor feeding, and seizures.Hypoglycemia is common in newborns, especially in preterm, small for gestational age, and infants of diabetic mothers.

Choice A is wrong because hyperglycemia is a condition where the blood sugar level is too high, which can cause dehydration, increased urination, and ketoacidosis.Hyperglycemia does not usually cause seizures in newborns.

Choice C is wrong because hypertension is a condition where the blood pressure is too high, which can cause damage to the blood vessels and organs.Hypertension can cause seizures in older children and adults, but it is rare in newborns.

Choice D is wrong because hypocalcemia is a condition where the calcium level in the blood is too low, which can affect the nerve and muscle function and cause symptoms such as twitching, spasms, and tetany.Hypocalcemia can also cause seizures in newborns, but it is less common than hypoglycemia.