A nurse is performing a heel stick blood glucose test on a newborn who is preterm.

The nurse should apply a heel warmer to the newborn’s foot before obtaining the blood sample for which of the following reasons?

The correct answer is choice B. To increase blood flow.A heel warmer is applied to the newborn’s foot before obtaining the blood sample to increase the blood flow to the area and make it easier to collect the sample.A heel warmer can also reduce pain and bruising by dilating the blood vessels and reducing the need for multiple punctures.

Choice A is wrong because a heel warmer does not prevent infection.Infection prevention requires proper cleaning of the puncture site and disposal of the lancet.

Choice C is wrong because a heel warmer does not reduce pain by itself.Pain reduction requires other measures such as cuddling, feeding, and distraction.

Choice D is wrong because a heel warmer does not prevent bruising.Bruising prevention requires applying pressure to the puncture site after collecting the sample.

Normal ranges for blood glucose levels in newborns vary depending on the method of measurement, but generally they are between 2.6 and 6.0 mmol/L.

I will need to increase my protein intake by 25 g per day while I am pregnant.” Protein is essential for the growth and development of the fetus and the placenta, as well as for the increased blood volume and maternal tissues.

The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein during pregnancy is 71 g per day, which is 25 g more than the RDA for non-pregnant women.

Choice B is wrong because the calcium intake does not need to increase during lactation.

The RDA for calcium for lactating women is the same as for non-lactating women, which is 1000 mg per day for women aged 19 to 50 years.

Calcium absorption and retention are enhanced during lactation, and bone loss that may occur is usually reversible after weaning.

Choice C is wrong because the calorie intake does not need to increase by 500 kcal per day during the third trimester.

The estimated energy requirement (EER) for pregnant women increases by 340 kcal per day in the second trimester and by 452 kcal per day in the third trimester.

However, these values may vary depending on the pre-pregnancy weight, activity level, and rate of weight gain of the individual woman.

Choice D is wrong because the iron intake needs to increase by more than 10 mg per day while pregnant.

The RDA for iron during pregnancy is 27 mg per day, which is 9 mg more than the RDA for non-pregnant women.

However, this amount may not be enough to prevent iron deficiency anemia in some pregnant women, especially those who start pregnancy with low iron stores or have high iron losses due to bleeding or multiple pregnancies.

Therefore, iron supplements are often recommended for pregnant women, especially in the second and third trimesters.