Surgical renal calculi (stone) removal is indicated for:
Stone too small to pass
Mild, intermittent pain for 1 day
Obstruction of urine flow
Small stone without evidence of size increase
The Correct Answer is C
A. Stones that are too small to pass typically do not require surgical removal. Smaller stones are usually managed conservatively with hydration and pain management.
B. Mild, intermittent pain for 1 day does not usually indicate the need for surgery. Conservative management is often appropriate for such cases.
C. Obstruction of urine flow is a primary indication for surgical removal of renal stones. If a stone is blocking the urinary tract, it can cause severe pain, infection, or kidney damage, making surgical intervention necessary.
D. A small stone without evidence of size increase may not require surgery unless it is causing symptoms or complications. Most small stones pass naturally over time.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Adjusting thirst sensation is not the primary focus of treatment for Diabetes Insipidus. The condition is more concerned with fluid balance and preventing dehydration due to excessive urination.
B. Hydration is crucial in the management of Diabetes Insipidus, as patients experience excessive urination and fluid loss. Proper hydration helps prevent dehydration and its associated complications.
C. A 24-hour urine collection is used to assess the extent of polyuria but is not a primary treatment strategy. Treatment focuses on managing fluid balance rather than just monitoring urine output.
D. While increasing Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or using synthetic ADH (desmopressin) can be part of treatment, the key treatment focus is maintaining adequate hydration to counteract the effects of polyuria.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Intention tremors are typically associated with neurological conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, rather than Addison's disease.
B. Hirsutism, or excessive hair growth, is often seen in conditions involving excess androgen production, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but not typically in Addison's disease.
C. Purple striations, or stretch marks, are commonly seen in Cushing's syndrome due to excess cortisol production, not Addison's disease.
D. Hyperpigmentation is a hallmark symptom of Addison's disease. It occurs due to increased production of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), which is a byproduct of the overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in response to adrenal insufficiency.
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