Physical examination and change in body weight are used to diagnose ascites, what other measurement is used?

Choice A reason: NGT (nasogastric tube) is used for enteral feeding, not parenteral nutrition. Enteral feeding involves delivering nutrients directly to the stomach or small intestine, bypassing the need for eating. This method is suitable for patients who have a functioning digestive system but cannot eat orally. Parenteral nutrition, on the other hand, involves delivering nutrients directly into the bloodstream.

Choice B reason: Oral administration of nutrition involves consuming food or nutrients by mouth. This method is suitable for individuals who can eat and digest food normally. Parenteral nutrition bypasses the digestive system altogether and delivers nutrients directly into the bloodstream, making oral administration inappropriate for TPN.

Choice C reason: Central Line is the correct answer because Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) requires delivery of nutrients directly into a central vein, typically the superior vena cava. This is because TPN solutions are highly concentrated and can irritate smaller veins, leading to complications such as phlebitis. A central line allows for the safe administration of TPN, ensuring that the high osmolarity solution is rapidly diluted by the large volume of blood in the central veins.

Choice D reason: Peripheral line administration is used for Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition (PPN), not TPN. PPN can be delivered through a peripheral vein because it is less concentrated than TPN. Using a peripheral line for TPN is not appropriate due to the risk of complications from the high osmolarity of the TPN solution.

Choice A reason: Type 1 diabetes is characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. It is not primarily marked by insulin resistance, which is more characteristic of type 2 diabetes. The genetic and environmental factors in type 1 diabetes lead to a lack of insulin production, rather than resistance.

Choice B reason: In type 1 diabetes, there is an absolute deficit in insulin production. This is because the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, individuals with type 1 diabetes require exogenous insulin to manage their blood glucose levels.

Choice C reason: While type 1 diabetes has genetic and environmental influences, the condition results in an inability to produce insulin rather than partial insulin production. The autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes leads to the destruction of almost all beta cells, resulting in an absolute deficit of insulin.

Choice D reason: Type 1 diabetes does not typically exhibit both insulin resistance and no insulin production. While some individuals with type 1 diabetes may develop insulin resistance over time (a condition known as "double diabetes"), the hallmark feature of type 1 diabetes is the absolute deficiency of insulin due to the autoimmune destruction of beta cells.