A nurse is caring for a client who is in labor and has an external fetal monitor. The nurse observes late decelerations on the monitor strip and interprets them as indicating which of the following?
Umbilical cord compression
Uteroplacental insufficiency
Fetal head compression
Material bradycardia
The Correct Answer is B
The correct answer is B. Uteroplacental insufficiency.
A. Umbilical cord compression is more commonly associated with variable decelerations, not late decelerations. Variable decelerations are characterized by abrupt decreases and increases in the fetal heart rate.
B. Late decelerations are indicative of uteroplacental insufficiency.
Uteroplacental insufficiency refers to a decrease in blood flow and oxygen supply from the mother to the fetus. Late decelerations occur after the peak of the contraction and may suggest inadequate oxygenation to the fetus.
C. Fetal head compression is associated with early decelerations, not late decelerations. Early decelerations typically coincide with the contractions and are considered a normal response to head compression during contractions.
D. Maternal bradycardia is not typically associated with late decelerations. Late decelerations are primarily related to issues with oxygenation and blood flow to the fetus.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The cervix being effaced is not represented by the -1 notation in a vaginal examination. Effacement is usually expressed as a percentage.
B. The -1 notation does not represent cervical dilation. Dilation is measured in centimeters.
C. The presenting part being 1 cm below the ischial spines is not correct. In the station system, if the presenting part is above the ischial spines, it is represented by a negative number. A -1 station indicates that the presenting part is 1 cm above the ischial spines.
D. The presenting part is 1 cm above the ischial spines is the correct interpretation.
In the station system, if the presenting part is above the ischial spines, it is represented by a negative number. A -1 station indicates that the presenting part is 1 cm above the ischial spines.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is B. Just above the symphysis pubis.
A. Just above the umbilicus: At the end of the first trimester, the uterus is still within the pelvic cavity, and fetal heart tones are typically not detectable above the umbilicus at this stage.
B. Just above the symphysis pubis: This is the correct placement for assessing fetal heart tones during the first trimester. The fetal heart is usually located low in the pelvis during early pregnancy, making it most easily heard just above the pubic bone.
C. The right lower quadrant: Fetal heart tones are typically assessed in the midline of the abdomen, and focusing on the lower quadrants may not be the optimal location, especially in the first trimester.
D. The left lower quadrant: Similar to the right lower quadrant, focusing on the lower quadrants may not be the most appropriate location for assessing fetal heart tones during the first trimester.
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