A nurse is assessing a client who has peripheral venous disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a manifestation of venous disease?
Swollen and enlarged veins.
Loss of pigmentation over the shin area.
Shiny appearance to the lower extremities.
Diminished hair growth on the lower extremities.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A Reason:
Swollen and enlarged veins, also known as varicose veins, are a common manifestation of peripheral venous disease (PVD). This condition occurs when the valves in the veins become weak or damaged, leading to blood pooling and increased pressure within the veins. This results in the veins becoming enlarged, twisted, and visible under the skin1. Varicose veins can cause discomfort, pain, and a heavy feeling in the legs. They are often exacerbated by prolonged standing or sitting and can be a cosmetic concern as well.
Choice B Reason:
Loss of pigmentation over the shin area is not typically associated with peripheral venous disease. This symptom is more commonly seen in conditions such as chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), where prolonged venous hypertension leads to skin changes, including hyperpigmentation and lipodermatosclerosis. However, it is not a primary manifestation of PVD itself.
Choice C Reason:
A shiny appearance to the lower extremities is more commonly associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) rather than peripheral venous disease. In PAD, reduced blood flow to the extremities can cause the skin to become thin, shiny, and hairless. This is due to the lack of oxygen and nutrients reaching the skin and underlying tissues. In contrast, PVD primarily affects the veins and does not typically cause these skin changes.
Choice D Reason:
Diminished hair growth on the lower extremities is another symptom more commonly associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). In PAD, the reduced blood flow to the extremities can lead to hair loss, as the hair follicles do not receive adequate oxygen and nutrients. Peripheral venous disease, on the other hand, does not usually cause hair loss. Instead, it is characterized by symptoms related to venous insufficiency, such as varicose veins, swelling, and skin changes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
A client admitted for hip fracture surgery is at risk for various complications, but not specifically for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). HHS is more commonly triggered by infections, severe dehydration, or other acute illnesses. While surgery can be a stressor, it is not as directly linked to HHS as infections are.
Choice B reason:
A client who is awaiting cataract surgery is not typically at high risk for developing HHS. Cataract surgery is generally a planned and controlled procedure that does not usually involve the acute stressors or infections that can precipitate HHS.
Choice C reason:
A client who is receiving an antibiotic for a urinary tract infection is at a higher risk for developing HHS. Infections are a common precipitating factor for HHS because they can cause significant stress on the body, leading to elevated blood glucose levels. The body’s response to infection can exacerbate hyperglycemia, especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Choice D reason:
A client who is being evaluated for a breast lump is not typically at high risk for HHS. While the evaluation process can be stressful, it does not usually involve the acute physiological stressors or infections that are more directly linked to the development of HHS.
Correct Answer is ["D"]
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
A urine specific gravity of 1.010 falls within the normal range of 1.005 to 1.0301. This value does not indicate hyponatremia. In SIADH, urine is often more concentrated due to the retention of water, leading to higher specific gravity values.
Choice B Reason:
Respiratory alkalosis is not a typical manifestation of hyponatremia. It is usually associated with conditions that cause hyperventilation, such as anxiety or high altitude. SIADH typically does not cause respiratory alkalosis.
Choice C Reason:
Diarrhea is not a direct manifestation of hyponatremia. While diarrhea can lead to electrolyte imbalances, including hyponatremia, it is not a symptom caused by SIADH5. SIADH leads to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia, not diarrhea.
Choice D Reason:
Diminished reflexes are a manifestation of hyponatremia. Low sodium levels affect neuromuscular function, leading to symptoms such as muscle weakness, cramps, and diminished reflexes7. This is a direct result of the electrolyte imbalance caused by SIADH.
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