A nurse is assessing a client who has peripheral venous disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a manifestation of venous disease?
Swollen and enlarged veins.
Loss of pigmentation over the shin area.
Shiny appearance to the lower extremities.
Diminished hair growth on the lower extremities.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A Reason:
Swollen and enlarged veins, also known as varicose veins, are a common manifestation of peripheral venous disease (PVD). This condition occurs when the valves in the veins become weak or damaged, leading to blood pooling and increased pressure within the veins. This results in the veins becoming enlarged, twisted, and visible under the skin1. Varicose veins can cause discomfort, pain, and a heavy feeling in the legs. They are often exacerbated by prolonged standing or sitting and can be a cosmetic concern as well.
Choice B Reason:
Loss of pigmentation over the shin area is not typically associated with peripheral venous disease. This symptom is more commonly seen in conditions such as chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), where prolonged venous hypertension leads to skin changes, including hyperpigmentation and lipodermatosclerosis. However, it is not a primary manifestation of PVD itself.
Choice C Reason:
A shiny appearance to the lower extremities is more commonly associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) rather than peripheral venous disease. In PAD, reduced blood flow to the extremities can cause the skin to become thin, shiny, and hairless. This is due to the lack of oxygen and nutrients reaching the skin and underlying tissues. In contrast, PVD primarily affects the veins and does not typically cause these skin changes.
Choice D Reason:
Diminished hair growth on the lower extremities is another symptom more commonly associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). In PAD, the reduced blood flow to the extremities can lead to hair loss, as the hair follicles do not receive adequate oxygen and nutrients. Peripheral venous disease, on the other hand, does not usually cause hair loss. Instead, it is characterized by symptoms related to venous insufficiency, such as varicose veins, swelling, and skin changes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is a. Insulin is stable at room temperature for one month.
Choice A Reason:
Insulin is stable at room temperature (between 59°F and 86°F) for up to one month. This is important for patients to know, especially if they do not have immediate access to refrigeration. However, it is crucial to avoid exposing insulin to extreme temperatures, such as direct sunlight or freezing conditions, as these can degrade the medication’s effectiveness.
Choice B Reason:
While some types of insulin can be mixed in the same syringe, this practice is not universally applicable to all insulin types. For example, rapid-acting and intermediate-acting insulins can sometimes be mixed, but long-acting insulins should not be mixed with other insulins. Therefore, this statement is not entirely accurate and should be clarified based on the specific types of insulin being used.
Choice C Reason:
Storing insulin in the freezer is not recommended as freezing can damage the insulin, rendering it ineffective. Insulin should be stored in a refrigerator at temperatures between 36°F and 46°F. If insulin is accidentally frozen, it should not be used.
Choice D Reason:
While it is advisable for clients with type 1 diabetes to have backup medication and supplies, storing them in a car is not recommended due to the potential for extreme temperature fluctuations. Insulin and other diabetes supplies should be kept in a stable, controlled environment to ensure their efficacy.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A: Fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL
A fasting blood glucose level of 140 mg/dL is above the normal range (70-99 mg/dL) but may indicate some improvement in beta cell function if it was previously higher. In type 2 diabetes, beta cells in the pancreas are responsible for producing insulin. When beta cells start to restore their function, they can produce more insulin, which helps lower blood glucose levels. However, a fasting blood glucose level of 140 mg/dL still indicates that the client has diabetes and needs to continue managing their condition.
Choice B: Client reports smoking cessation
Smoking cessation is a positive health behavior and can improve overall health, including cardiovascular health, which is often compromised in individuals with diabetes. However, it does not directly indicate the restoration of beta cell function. Beta cell function is specifically related to the pancreas’s ability to produce insulin, and smoking cessation, while beneficial, does not directly impact this.
Choice C: Weight gain of 5 lb
Weight gain can have various implications for a person with type 2 diabetes. While modest weight gain might indicate improved nutritional status or muscle mass, it does not directly indicate the restoration of beta cell function. In fact, weight gain can sometimes worsen insulin resistance, making it harder for beta cells to function effectively.
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