Loratadine (Claritin) has an advantage over traditional antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) in that loratadine has
Less sedative effect.
Increased bronchodilating effects.
Less risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
Less gastrointestinal upset.
The Correct Answer is A
Traditional antihistamines like diphenhydramine are known to have sedating properties, which can cause drowsiness and impair cognitive function. On the other hand, loratadine is classified as a non-sedating or second-generation antihistamine. It is designed to have less of a sedative effect, allowing individuals to take it during the day without experiencing significant drowsiness or impairment.
It is important to note that individual responses to medications can vary, and some individuals may still experience mild drowsiness with loratadine. However, compared to diphenhydramine, loratadine is generally associated with a lower risk of sedation.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The sympathetic nervous system postganglionic neurons primarily release norepinephrine as their neurotransmitter. These neurons are part of the autonomic nervous system and are responsible for coordinating the body's "fight or flight" response to stress or danger.
Norepinephrine acts as a neurotransmitter at the postganglionic synapses and binds to adrenergic receptors in the target tissues, mediating the physiological responses associated with sympathetic activation.
While acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter released by the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system, it is not the neurotransmitter released by postganglionic neurons. Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) is released into the bloodstream by the adrenal medulla and acts as a hormone, not a neurotransmitter. Arginine is an amino acid and is not directly involved in the neurotransmission of the sympathetic nervous system.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Codeine is an opioid medication that can cause drowsiness and dizziness. Changing positions quickly, especially from lying down to standing up, can increase the risk of falls or accidents.
Instructing the client to change positions slowly helps prevent orthostatic hypotension (a drop in blood pressure upon standing) and reduces the risk of falls.
The other options listed are not appropriate instructions for a client taking codeine:
A. "You should expect to experience diarrhea while taking this medication." While constipation is a common side effect of opioids, diarrhea is not typically associated with codeine use. Therefore, there is no need to expect or warn about diarrhea as an anticipated effect of taking codeine.
C. "You should limit alcohol intake to 12 ounces daily." Mixing alcohol with codeine can have harmful effects, such as increased sedation and respiratory depression. However, it is generally recommended to avoid alcohol completely while taking codeine, rather than setting a specific limit of 12 ounces daily.
D. "You should take the medication on an empty stomach to prevent nausea." Taking codeine with or without food can vary depending on individual factors and the specific instructions provided by the healthcare provider. However, taking codeine on an empty stomach does not necessarily prevent nausea. In fact, taking it with food may help reduce stomach upset for some individuals. It is best to follow the specific instructions provided by the healthcare provider regarding the timing of codeine administration with or without food.
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