In providing care to a patient admitted with an acute asthma exacerbation, the nurse prepares which "rescue" medication for administration first?

Long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists

Short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists

Mucolytic

Inhaled anti-inflammatories

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists (LABAs) are used for the maintenance treatment of asthma but are not suitable for immediate relief during an acute exacerbation. They take longer to take effect and are used as part of a long-term management plan rather than a rescue plan.
B.   Short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists (SABAs), such as albuterol, are the first-line treatment for acute asthma exacerbations. They work quickly to relax the muscles around the airways, providing immediate relief of bronchospasm and improving airflow. This is why they are referred to as "rescue" medications.
C.   Mucolytics are used to thin and loosen mucus in the airways, which can be helpful for conditions involving thick mucus. However, they are not used for immediate relief of asthma symptoms and do not address bronchospasm directly. They are not appropriate as a first-line treatment in an acute asthma attack.
D.   Inhaled corticosteroids are used for long-term control of asthma by reducing inflammation in the airways. While they are important for ongoing management, they do not provide immediate relief during an acute asthma exacerbation and should not be used as rescue medication.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Bradypnea, or a slow respiratory rate, is concerning but not typically associated with asthma exacerbations. In asthma, patients usually experience tachypnea (increased respiratory rate) as they try to compensate for difficulty breathing.
B. A decreased respiratory rate in an asthma patient can be alarming, but it may not necessarily indicate an immediate need for intervention unless it’s associated with other severe symptoms. In general, asthma patients often have an increased respiratory rate due to respiratory distress.
C. While crackles can indicate fluid in the lungs and may suggest an underlying issue, they are not the most immediate concern in a patient with asthma. Crackles can occur in various conditions, and they alone may not necessitate urgent intervention.
D. Diminished breath sounds are a critical finding in asthma patients. This may indicate severe airway obstruction or a lack of air movement due to severe bronchospasm. In the context of asthma, diminished breath sounds can signify that the patient is not able to move air effectively, which requires immediate intervention to prevent respiratory failure.

A. "We will replace the carpet in our bedroom with tile. B. "We'll keep the plants in our home dusted." C. "We're glad the dog can continue to sleep in our bedroom. D. "We'll be sure to use the fireplace often to keep the house warm in the winter."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This statement indicates a good understanding of environmental control for asthma management. Carpets can trap dust, allergens, and mold, which can trigger asthma attacks. Replacing the carpet with tile can help to reduce exposure to these allergens.
B. While dusting plants can help to reduce exposure to allergens, it is not as effective as removing potential allergens from the environment altogether. Plants themselves can also be sources of allergens, so it might be best to remove them from the home, especially the bedroom.
C. Pets, especially dogs and cats, can be a significant source of allergens for people with asthma. Keeping a pet in the bedroom can increase exposure to allergens and trigger asthma attacks.
D. Burning wood in a fireplace can produce smoke and other pollutants that can irritate the airways and trigger asthma attacks. It is best to avoid using fireplaces, especially during the winter months.

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In providing care to a patient admitted with an acute asthma exacerbation, the nurse prepares which "rescue" medication for administration first?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

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Correct Answer is A

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