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Identify a complication resulting from a cleft palate, the anatomical changes that lead to the complication, and the priority interventions for care.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is []

Complication: Otitis Media

Anatomical Changes:

  • Small external ear structure: Infants born with a cleft palate often have smaller external ear structures, which can affect the drainage of fluids and increase the risk of infections.
  • Horizontal eustachian tubes: Eustachian tubes in individuals with cleft palate are typically more horizontal than normal, impairing the drainage of fluid from the middle ear.
  • Large tongue: A large tongue may obstruct the upper airway and interfere with normal swallowing and speaking functions.

Complication: Otitis Media

  • Due to the anatomical changes associated with cleft palate, such as horizontal eustachian tubes and impaired drainage, individuals are prone to recurrent middle ear infections (otitis media). These infections can lead to fluid accumulation behind the eardrum, which can further impair hearing and potentially lead to more serious complications if untreated.

Priority Interventions:

  • Ear drops (for otitis media): Ear drops containing antibiotics may be prescribed to treat bacterial infections in the middle ear, which are common in individuals with cleft palate.
    • Rationale: Ear drops help to directly treat the infection in the ear canal and middle ear, reducing inflammation and preventing complications such as hearing loss or spread of infection.
  • Corticosteroids (for inflammation): Corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation in the ear canal and middle ear, particularly in cases of severe otitis media.
    • Rationale: Corticosteroids help to decrease swelling and inflammation, which can improve symptoms and aid in the healing process of the ear.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is ["75"]

Explanation

The safe dose for the infant is 50 mg/kg/day.

The infant weighs 6 kg.

Calculate the total daily dose:

50mg/kg/day×6kg=300mg/day

Since the medication is to be given every 6 hours, it will be administered 4 times a day (24 hours / 6 hours = 4 doses/day).

Calculate the dose per administration:

300mg/day÷4=75mg/dose

Each dose of Amoxicillin should be 75 mg.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Sole creases on heels. Sole creases are a sign of maturity and are usually present in full-term infants, not preterm.
B. Ruddy skin color. This is more common in infants with polycythemia or those who are small for gestational age, not specifically linked to prematurity.
C. Flexion of all four extremities. Premature infants typically have less muscle tone and may exhibit less flexion, often appearing more limp or having extended extremities.
D. Scant amount of vernix caseosa. Premature infants typically have more vernix caseosa, which protects their delicate skin in utero. The amount decreases closer to full term, but at 31 weeks, there may still be a moderate amount.

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