How does angiotensin II increase the workload of the heart after a myocardial infarction (MI)?

By causing dysrhythmias as a result of hyperkalemia

By increasing the peripheral vasoconstriction

By stimulating the sympathetic nervous system

By reducing the contractility of the myocardium

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. By causing dysrhythmias as a result of hyperkalemia: Angiotensin II does not directly cause dysrhythmias through hyperkalemia. While hyperkalemia can lead to dysrhythmias, angiotensin II primarily acts as a vasoconstrictor and does not directly influence potassium levels.

B. By increasing peripheral vasoconstriction: Angiotensin II increases peripheral vascular resistance through vasoconstriction, which raises blood pressure. This increased resistance requires the heart to work harder to pump blood, thereby increasing the workload on the heart following a myocardial infarction.

C. By stimulating the sympathetic nervous system: Angiotensin II does stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, which can increase heart rate and contractility; however, the direct effect on increasing workload is more prominently due to peripheral vasoconstriction.

D. By reducing the contractility of the myocardium: Angiotensin II does not reduce contractility; in fact, it can enhance contractility in some contexts. It primarily increases the workload of the heart through vasoconstriction and increased afterload rather than reducing contractility.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Percutaneous coronary intervention: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a treatment used to open blocked coronary arteries during a myocardial infarction but is not a complication of the event itself. It is a therapeutic procedure aimed at restoring blood flow and is not a direct consequence of myocardial infarction.

B. Sudden death: Sudden death can occur as a complication of myocardial infarction due to severe dysrhythmias or cardiac arrest resulting from electrical instability in the heart. This complication is critical and can occur shortly after the onset of an MI or during recovery.

C. Dysrhythmias: Dysrhythmias are common complications following myocardial infarction, often arising from ischemic damage to the heart muscle, which disrupts the normal electrical conduction pathways. These irregular heartbeats can range from benign to life-threatening.

D. Congestive heart failure: Congestive heart failure can develop as a complication of myocardial infarction due to the loss of functional cardiac muscle, resulting in decreased cardiac output and the heart's inability to pump effectively. This complication can develop acutely or progressively over time following an MI.

A. Expectorating copious amounts of frothy, pink sputum B. Fine crackles throughout both lung fields C. +pitting edema in lower extremities D. Altered level of consciousness E. Jugular vein distention

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Expecting copious amounts of frothy, pink sputum: This symptom is typically associated with left-sided heart failure or pulmonary edema, where fluid accumulates in the lungs, leading to the production of frothy, pink sputum. It is not a classic manifestation of right-sided heart failure.

B. Fine crackles throughout both lung fields: Fine crackles are more indicative of left-sided heart failure due to fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary congestion). In right-sided heart failure, the primary issues relate more to systemic congestion rather than pulmonary congestion.

C. +pitting edema in lower extremities: Right-sided heart failure often leads to fluid retention and peripheral edema due to increased venous pressure. Pitting edema in the lower extremities is a common clinical manifestation in patients with cor pulmonale and right-sided heart failure.

D. Altered level of consciousness: This can occur due to decreased cardiac output and resulting reduced cerebral perfusion. In right-sided heart failure, especially in advanced stages, fluid overload can lead to increased intracranial pressure, contributing to altered mental status.

E. Jugular vein distention: Jugular vein distention is a classic sign of right-sided heart failure. Increased pressure in the right atrium due to fluid overload results in distended neck veins, indicating elevated venous pressure.

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How does angiotensin II increase the workload of the heart after a myocardial infarction (MI)?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What are the most common complications of myocardial infarction? (Select all that apply) (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

Upon admission to the ICU, a client with a history of cor pulmonale will likely be exhibiting which clinical manifestations of right-sided heart failure? Select all that apply. (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

A patient is hospitalized with chronic pericarditis. On assessment, you note the patient has pitting edema in lower extremities, crackles in lungs, and dyspnea on exertion. The patient's echocardiogram shows thickening of the pericardium. This is known as what type of pericarditis?

Which of the following are NOT typical signs and symptoms of pericarditis? (Select-all-that-apply) (Select All that Apply.)

What electrocardiogram (ECG) change would the healthcare professional assess for when a patient's myocardial infarction through the myocardium from the endocardium to the epicardium?

A patient arrives in the ED after an automobile accident. Which of the following clinical manifestations leads the nurse to suspect a pneumothorax? (Select all that apply) (Select All that Apply.)

A disproportionate thickening of the interventricular septum is the hallmark of which form of cardiomyopathy?

A patient has pulmonary edema. For what condition should the healthcare professional assess the patient as the priority?

Which clinical manifestations would you assess for in a painter with pulmonary hypertension? (Select All that Apply.)