During a meeting to resolve staffing issues and tardiness on a unit, the nurse manager invites the staff to each take a turn speaking and asks that everyone listen respectfully and avoids making personal or professional remarks about one another. The nurse manager is utilizing which step in the negotiation process?
Set ground rules
Perform an opening move
Continue the negotiation
Clarify the problem
The Correct Answer is A
A. Set ground rules: This step involves establishing guidelines for the discussion to ensure that all participants feel respected and heard. By inviting each staff member to speak in turn and asking them to listen respectfully without making personal or professional remarks, the nurse manager is creating a safe and structured environment for open communication. Setting ground rules is crucial for facilitating a productive dialogue and minimizing conflict during negotiations.
B. Perform an opening move: This refers to the initial statement or action taken to start the negotiation process. While the nurse manager is initiating the meeting, the emphasis on respectful communication and turn-taking indicates that the focus is more on establishing an effective communication framework rather than simply making an opening statement.
C. Continue the negotiation: This step implies that the negotiation is already underway and is focused on maintaining momentum in the discussion. However, the scenario describes the nurse manager taking proactive steps to set the stage for the negotiation rather than continuing an existing conversation.
D. Clarify the problem: While it is important to identify and clarify the staffing issues and tardiness, the nurse manager's actions are more about creating an environment for discussion rather than explicitly defining the problem at this stage. Setting ground rules is a foundational step that supports problem clarification by fostering respectful dialogue among participants.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Hypotension: While hypotension can occur in clients with acute respiratory failure (ARF), it is not a primary manifestation of the condition. Hypotension may arise due to other factors, such as sepsis or significant fluid loss, but is not universally present in ARF. Therefore, it is less likely to be a key finding in this context.
B. Severe dyspnea: This is a hallmark manifestation of ARF. Clients typically experience significant difficulty in breathing due to inadequate oxygenation or ventilation, leading to an urgent need for medical intervention. Monitoring for severe dyspnea is critical as it directly indicates the severity of respiratory distress.
C. Headache: Headaches can be a manifestation of acute respiratory failure, particularly due to hypoxia or hypercapnia (elevated carbon dioxide levels) affecting cerebral circulation. This symptom may arise as the body struggles to compensate for decreased oxygen levels, making it important to monitor in clients with ARF.
D. Decreased level of consciousness: This is a significant concern in ARF and can indicate worsening hypoxia or hypercapnia. Alterations in consciousness may range from confusion to unresponsiveness and require immediate evaluation and intervention, making it a critical manifestation to monitor.
E. Nausea: Although some clients may experience nausea as a secondary symptom due to anxiety or as a response to hypoxia, it is not a primary or definitive manifestation of acute respiratory failure. Therefore, while it may occur in some cases, it is not one of the key findings to consistently monitor in clients with ARF.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. To facilitate weaning off the mechanical ventilator. While PEEP is an important component of mechanical ventilation, its primary function is not to facilitate weaning. Instead, it improves oxygenation by preventing alveolar collapse. Weaning involves gradually reducing ventilatory support, but PEEP is typically adjusted based on oxygenation needs rather than as a direct step in weaning.
B. To decrease trapped oxygen in the alveoli. PEEP does not decrease trapped oxygen; instead, it maintains alveolar patency and prevents atelectasis. In conditions like ARDS, alveoli tend to collapse due to fluid accumulation and inflammation, and PEEP helps counteract this collapse to improve gas exchange. Reducing "trapped" oxygen is not a function of PEEP.
C. To promote independent breathing efforts. PEEP itself does not promote spontaneous breathing; instead, it provides positive pressure at the end of exhalation to improve oxygenation. In fact, high levels of PEEP can suppress spontaneous breathing by increasing intrathoracic pressure, requiring careful adjustment to balance oxygenation and ventilatory effort.
D. To keep the airways and small lung spaces open. PEEP prevents alveolar collapse by maintaining positive pressure in the lungs at the end of expiration. This improves oxygenation and gas exchange, which is critical in ARDS, where alveoli are prone to collapse due to inflammation and fluid accumulation. Keeping alveoli open reduces shunting and improves oxygen delivery to tissues.
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