A college health nurse interprets the peak expiratory flow rate for student who has asthma and finds that the student is in the yellow zone of his asthma action plan. The nurse should base her actions on which of the following information? (Select all that apply.)

A. Develop a quality improvement program for nurses involved in medication administration errors. While quality improvement programs are essential, implementing a targeted program without first analyzing the root causes of errors may not effectively address the underlying issues. A broader review of system-wide factors contributing to medication errors is necessary before designing an intervention.
B. Require staff nurses to demonstrate competency by passing a medication administration examination. Competency assessments may help identify knowledge gaps, but they do not address system-based errors such as workload issues, unclear protocols, or distractions during medication administration. A root cause analysis should be conducted first to ensure that interventions target the actual sources of errors.
C. Provide an inservice on medication administration to all the nurses. Educational sessions can reinforce safe practices, but without identifying the specific factors contributing to errors, they may not be effective. Training should be tailored to address the findings from an initial review of the medication errors.
D. Review the events leading up to each medication administration error. The first step in continuous quality improvement is conducting a thorough analysis of the errors, identifying patterns, and determining root causes. This helps in designing targeted interventions, whether they involve process changes, additional training, or improved safety protocols.

A. Auscultate lungs for the presence of breath sounds: This is the priority action following endotracheal intubation, as it directly assesses the effectiveness of the intubation. Auscultating the lungs allows the nurse to confirm that the endotracheal tube is properly positioned in the trachea and that air is reaching the lungs. Abnormal breath sounds, such as decreased or absent sounds on one side, may indicate improper placement or complications like a pneumothorax, making this assessment critical for patient safety.
B. Assess baseline level of consciousness: While assessing the client's level of consciousness is important for evaluating their overall neurological status, it is not the immediate priority following intubation. Changes in consciousness can be influenced by various factors, including sedation or hypoxia, but ensuring proper airway placement and ventilation is more urgent to prevent respiratory compromise.
C. Assess for the presence of circumoral cyanosis: Circumoral cyanosis can indicate inadequate oxygenation, but it may not be immediately apparent after intubation. This assessment is important, but it is secondary to confirming that breath sounds are present and that the airway is secure. Identifying airway placement issues is more crucial before evaluating for signs of hypoxia.
D. Determine that the pulse oximetry is greater than 95%: Monitoring pulse oximetry is essential for assessing oxygen saturation and identifying potential hypoxia. However, if the endotracheal tube is not properly placed, the pulse oximetry may not accurately reflect the client’s respiratory status. Therefore, ensuring proper ventilation through auscultation of breath sounds takes precedence over solely relying on pulse oximetry readings.