Based on the patient’s medication list, which of the following medications directly treat hypertension? (Select all that apply)

Lisinopril

Metformin

Hydralazine

Aspirin

Amlodipine

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,E

Choice A reason: Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, blocks angiotensin II formation, relaxing arteries and reducing blood pressure. It directly treats hypertension by decreasing vascular resistance and preload, a first-line therapy supported by its systemic vasodilatory effects.

Choice B reason: Metformin manages type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake. It doesn’t affect blood pressure directly, targeting metabolic pathways instead, so it’s not a hypertension treatment despite cardiovascular risk benefits.

Choice C reason: Hydralazine dilates arterioles by relaxing smooth muscle, directly lowering blood pressure. Used in hypertension, especially in crises, it reduces afterload, making it a potent antihypertensive agent when rapid control is needed.

Choice D reason: Aspirin prevents platelet aggregation, reducing thrombotic risk in cardiovascular disease. It doesn’t lower blood pressure directly, acting as an antiplatelet rather than an antihypertensive, so it’s not a primary treatment for hypertension.

Choice E reason: Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, relaxes vascular smooth muscle, decreasing peripheral resistance. It directly treats hypertension by dilating arteries, improving blood flow, and reducing cardiac workload, a common and effective long-term therapy.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Mantoux induration of 10 mm indicates TB exposure, not active infection status. It’s a diagnostic tool, not a marker for contagiousness, so it doesn’t guide discontinuation of airborne precautions in treatment.

Choice B reason: Six months of TB meds suggests treatment progress, but contagiousness persists until sputum clears. Duration alone isn’t enough; microbiologic evidence is required to lift precautions, per infection control standards.

Choice C reason: Negative sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli (three consecutive) confirm non-infectiousness in TB. This microbiological clearance allows discontinuation of airborne precautions, as the patient no longer spreads viable bacteria via droplets.

Choice D reason: Clear x-ray (no infiltrates) shows healing, but sputum can remain infectious. Radiologic improvement lags behind contagiousness, so negative smears, not imaging, determine when precautions can safely end.

A. Auscultate Sara’s lung sounds. B. Measure Sara’s temperature. C. Encourage Sara to ambulate D. Document the treatment in her medical record.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Auscultating lung sounds post-albuterol assesses treatment efficacy in asthma exacerbation. Reduced wheezing or improved air entry indicates bronchodilation, guiding further care, making it the priority to evaluate respiratory response immediately.

Choice B reason: Measuring temperature monitors infection, a possible asthma trigger, but it’s not the priority post-treatment. Albuterol targets acute bronchospasm, so assessing respiratory effect trumps systemic checks like fever in this moment.

Choice C reason: Encouraging ambulation is premature post-albuterol; patients need rest during exacerbation. It risks worsening dyspnea before confirming treatment success, making it less urgent than evaluating lung response to the bronchodilator.

Choice D reason: Documentation is essential but secondary to patient assessment post-treatment. Auscultating lung sounds first ensures albuterol’s effect is evaluated, as clinical response guides care before recording in the record.

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Based on the patient’s medication list, which of the following medications directly treat hypertension? (Select all that apply)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient is hospitalized with active tuberculosis (TB). Which assessment finding indicates to the nurse that prescribed airborne precautions are likely to be discontinued?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Sara is receiving a nebulized albuterol treatment for her asthma exacerbation. Which of the following should be the nurse’s first priority after administering the treatment?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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