Based on the patient’s medication list, which of the following medications directly treat hypertension? (Select all that apply)

Lisinopril

Metformin

Hydralazine

Aspirin

Amlodipine

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,E

Choice A reason: Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, blocks angiotensin II formation, relaxing arteries and reducing blood pressure. It directly treats hypertension by decreasing vascular resistance and preload, a first-line therapy supported by its systemic vasodilatory effects.

Choice B reason: Metformin manages type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake. It doesn’t affect blood pressure directly, targeting metabolic pathways instead, so it’s not a hypertension treatment despite cardiovascular risk benefits.

Choice C reason: Hydralazine dilates arterioles by relaxing smooth muscle, directly lowering blood pressure. Used in hypertension, especially in crises, it reduces afterload, making it a potent antihypertensive agent when rapid control is needed.

Choice D reason: Aspirin prevents platelet aggregation, reducing thrombotic risk in cardiovascular disease. It doesn’t lower blood pressure directly, acting as an antiplatelet rather than an antihypertensive, so it’s not a primary treatment for hypertension.

Choice E reason: Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, relaxes vascular smooth muscle, decreasing peripheral resistance. It directly treats hypertension by dilating arteries, improving blood flow, and reducing cardiac workload, a common and effective long-term therapy.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: A cardiac diet (low sodium, low fat) supports blood pressure control long-term by reducing vascular strain. However, it’s less immediate than addressing adherence, as dietary change alone won’t correct current medication misuse driving the elevation.

Choice B reason: Cardiac assessment identifies complications like hypertrophy, useful for monitoring. It’s reactive, not proactive, and doesn’t address the root issue of inconsistent adherence, which directly impacts blood pressure control and outcomes now.

Choice C reason: Medication education tackles adherence, the primary cause of uncontrolled hypertension here. Teaching proper use ensures therapeutic levels, reducing pressure via vasodilation or fluid control, directly improving outcomes with evidence-based efficacy.

A. Mild left ventricular hypertrophy on x-ray B. Total cholesterol of 210 mg/dL C. Hemoglobin A1C of 7.5% D. Sodium level of 138 E. Creatinine level of 1.6 F. Oxygen saturation of 95% on room air

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Mild left ventricular hypertrophy indicates cardiac strain from chronic hypertension, increasing risk for heart failure or infarction. It reflects structural change, elevating cardiovascular morbidity as pressure overload progresses, a known precursor to serious events.

Choice B reason: Total cholesterol of 210 mg/dL exceeds optimal (<200 mg/dL), promoting atherosclerosis. Lipid plaques narrow arteries, raising risks for coronary artery disease and stroke, a well-established cardiovascular risk factor needing intervention.

Choice C reason: Hemoglobin A1C of 7.5% shows poor glycemic control (>6.5% is diabetes), damaging vessels via glycation. This accelerates atherosclerosis and microvascular complications, significantly increasing cardiovascular event risk in uncontrolled diabetes.

Choice D reason: Sodium of 138 mEq/L is normal (135-145 mEq/L), not impacting cardiovascular risk directly. It influences fluid balance, but this value doesn’t suggest hypertension or heart strain, making it irrelevant here.

Choice E reason: Creatinine of 1.6 mg/dL (>1.2 mg/dL) signals renal impairment, often from hypertension or diabetes. Kidney dysfunction raises cardiovascular risk by disrupting fluid and pressure regulation, contributing to heart disease progression.

Choice F reason: Oxygen saturation of 95% on room air is normal (95-100%), indicating adequate lung function. It doesn’t suggest hypoxia or cardiovascular compromise, so it’s not a risk factor in this context.

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Based on the patient’s medication list, which of the following medications directly treat hypertension? (Select all that apply)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Complete the following sentence: Given the patient’s elevated blood pressure and inconsistent medication adherence, the nurse should prioritize (intervention) to help improve blood pressure control and patient outcome

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

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