Based on Maria’s presenting symptoms and diagnostic test, the nurse suspects the patient will be diagnosed with ___________.

Community acquired pneumonia

Cor pulmonale

Hospital acquired pneumonia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) fits symptoms like cough or fever from pathogens outside hospitals. It’s the most likely without hospital exposure history, aligning with typical outpatient respiratory infection patterns.

Choice B reason: Cor pulmonale involves right heart failure from lung disease, not primary infection. Maria’s acute symptoms suggest pneumonia, not chronic pulmonary hypertension, making this less probable without supporting cardiac findings.

Choice C reason: Hospital-acquired pneumonia requires recent hospitalization, not indicated here. Maria’s presentation lacks nosocomial context, favoring community-acquired pneumonia as the diagnosis based on typical outpatient symptom onset.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Metabolic alkalosis shows pH >7.45 with HCO3- >26 mEq/L from base excess. Here, pH is 7.48, but HCO3- is normal at 24 mEq/L, ruling out metabolic cause. PaO2 of 55 mmHg indicates hypoxemia, but the primary issue isn’t metabolic.

Choice B reason: Respiratory alkalosis occurs with pH >7.45 and PaCO2 <35 mmHg from hyperventilation. Here, pH is 7.48, PaCO2 is 28 mmHg, and HCO3- is normal, confirming respiratory etiology. PaO2 of 55 mmHg shows hypoxemia, matching this acute ventilatory pattern.

Choice C reason: Metabolic acidosis has pH <7.35 and HCO3- <22 mEq/L from acid gain. Here, pH is 7.48 and HCO3- is 24 mEq/L, contradicting acidosis. PaO2 of 55 mmHg indicates hypoxemia, but the acid-base status is alkalotic, not acidic.

Choice D reason: Respiratory acidosis features pH <7.35 and PaCO2 >45 mmHg from CO2 retention. Here, pH is 7.48 and PaCO2 is 28 mmHg, showing CO2 loss, not retention. Hypoxemia (PaO2 55 mmHg) is present, but the pattern is alkalotic.

A. Pulmonary edema B. Bleeding C. Neurogenic shock D. Infection E. Seizures

Correct Answer is ["B","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Pulmonary edema involves fluid in alveoli, often from heart failure, not directly linked to pancytopenia. Low blood cell counts don’t cause fluid overload; this complication arises from cardiac or renal dysfunction, making it less relevant to pancytopenia’s hematologic deficits.

Choice B reason: Bleeding risk increases with pancytopenia due to thrombocytopenia, reducing platelet counts below 150,000/µL. Impaired clotting leads to spontaneous hemorrhage, such as petechiae or mucosal bleeding, a direct and common consequence of bone marrow suppression in this condition.

Choice C reason: Neurogenic shock results from spinal injury or autonomic dysfunction, causing vasodilation and hypotension. Pancytopenia affects blood cells, not neural regulation, so this complication isn’t a primary risk unless unrelated trauma or systemic failure occurs.

Choice D reason: Infection risk rises with pancytopenia from leukopenia, lowering white blood cells below 4,000/µL. Neutropenia impairs immune defense, increasing susceptibility to bacterial, fungal, or viral infections, a frequent and severe complication requiring vigilant monitoring in these patients.

Choice E reason: Seizures stem from neurologic or metabolic disturbances, like hypoglycemia, not pancytopenia. Reduced blood cells don’t directly affect brain excitability or seizure threshold, making this an unlikely complication unless secondary to infection or bleeding.

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Based on Maria’s presenting symptoms and diagnostic test, the nurse suspects the patient will be diagnosed with ___________.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Interpret the ABG results: pH: 7.48, PaCO2: 28 mmHg, PaO2: 55 mmHg, HCO3-: 24 mEq/L, SaO2: 87%

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which potential complication would the nurse identify as a high risk for a patient admitted to the hospital with pancytopenia? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["B","D"]

Explanation

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A patient comes to the doctor’s office with the following complaints: Moderate to severe pain over the nose, eyes, and forehead, purulent nasal drainage, fever, and malaise. The nurse suspects the patient is suffering from ___________.

Based on Maria’s presenting symptoms and diagnostic test, the nurse suspects the patient will be diagnosed with ___________.