Autism is a complex developmental disorder. The diagnostic criteria for autism include delayed or abnormal developmental function. Which of the following behaviors would be a concerning sign in 10-month-old infant?
Pulling themselves up to standing position
Inability to maintain eye contact
Parallel play
Growth below the 5th percentile
The Correct Answer is B
A. Pulling themselves up to a standing position is a motor milestone that is typically achieved around 9- 12 months of age. While delays in motor milestones can sometimes be concerning, they are not specific signs of autism at this age.
B. Autism is primarily characterized by social communication and interaction difficulties, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. At 10 months old, infants typically start to engage in social interactions, including making eye contact with caregivers
C. Parallel play is where children play alongside each other without interacting directly, is a social milestone that typically develops around 2-3 years of age.
D. Growth below the 5th percentile may indicate poor growth or failure to thrive, but it is not a specific behavioral sign of autism.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Sealing non-washable items in airtight plastic bags is a recommended practice for items that cannot be washed. Sealing items such as stuffed animals, pillows, and other non-washable items in airtight bags for two weeks can help ensure that any lice or nits present are killed.
B. Spraying countertops and sinks with insecticide is not a recommended practice. Insecticides are not effective against head lice on surfaces and can be harmful if used improperly. It's important to focus on treating the infested individual and any items in direct contact with their head.
C. Pets do not need to be treated for head lice. Human head lice cannot live on pets and are not transmitted to or from animals.
D. Soaking all combs and hairbrushes in alcohol is not effective against lice and nits.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Release of sodium bicarbonate from renal compensation: In response to metabolic acidosis, the kidneys may attempt to compensate by excreting hydrogen ions and retaining bicarbonate ions. However, this mechanism does not contribute to the development of diabetic ketoacidosis.
B. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, particularly type 1 diabetes, resulting from a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin. In the absence of sufficient insulin, the body cannot properly utilize glucose for energy, leading to increased lipolysis (breakdown of fat) and subsequent production of ketone bodies (such as acetone, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate) as an alternative fuel source. The accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood lowers the blood pH, leading to metabolic acidosis characteristic of DKA.
C. Excretion of excess potassium from cellular death: Diabetic ketoacidosis can lead to electrolyte imbalances, including hyperkalemia due to shifts of potassium out of cells as acidosis worsens. However, this is a consequence of DKA rather than a primary cause.
D. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, there is an absolute deficiency of insulin, leading to hyperglycemia. Elevated glucose levels contribute to the osmotic diuresis seen in DKA, but they are not the primary cause of ketoacidosis.
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