An older adult nursing home resident who has always been alert and oriented is now showing signs of dehydration and has become confused. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely involved?
Hypercalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
The Correct Answer is C
A. Hypercalcemia: Hypercalcemia may cause confusion but is less likely associated with dehydration.
B. Hypomagnesemia: This can cause neuromuscular symptoms but is less commonly linked to confusion in dehydration.
C. Hyponatremia: Low sodium levels disrupt brain cell function, leading to confusion and neurological symptoms, which are common in dehydrated older adults.
D. Hypernatremia: While dehydration may cause hypernatremia, it is less likely to present with confusion in this context compared to hyponatremia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A","dropdown-group-2":"B"}
Explanation
Answer: I. Temperature
II. Antibiotic therapy
I. Temperature: The client has a fever (37.3°C), which can be a sign of infection or another serious condition. The first priority is to address the fever, as it may indicate a systemic infection, which needs immediate intervention. Fever is usually managed with antipyretics such as acetaminophen.
II. Antibiotic therapy: Since the client has a fever and possible infection, antibiotic therapy should be initiated early (as per the provider’s orders) to treat the suspected infection. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are often started while waiting for culture results.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Increased appetite: Hyponatremia does not typically cause increased appetite.
B. Hyporeflexia: Severe hyponatremia may lead to neurological symptoms, but reflex changes are less common.
C. Constipation: This is unrelated to sodium levels.
D. Headache: Hyponatremia causes cellular swelling, including in the brain, leading to headache, nausea, and neurological symptoms.
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