An older adult nursing home resident who has always been alert and oriented is now showing signs of dehydration and has become confused. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely involved?

Hypercalcemia

Hypomagnesemia

Hyponatremia

Hypernatremia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Hypercalcemia: Hypercalcemia may cause confusion but is less likely associated with dehydration.

B. Hypomagnesemia: This can cause neuromuscular symptoms but is less commonly linked to confusion in dehydration.

C. Hyponatremia: Low sodium levels disrupt brain cell function, leading to confusion and neurological symptoms, which are common in dehydrated older adults.

D. Hypernatremia: While dehydration may cause hypernatremia, it is less likely to present with confusion in this context compared to hyponatremia.

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Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Bradycardia: Vomiting and diarrhea usually lead to tachycardia (increased heart rate) as the body compensates for hypovolemia, not bradycardia (slow heart rate).

B. Pale Yellow Urine: Dehydration often causes the urine to become concentrated and dark yellow, not pale yellow.

C. Poor Skin Turgor: Poor skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration caused by fluid loss.

D. Hypotension: Loss of fluid volume can result in hypotension due to reduced blood circulation.

E. Flat Neck Veins: Dehydration causes reduced venous return, leading to flat neck veins, particularly when lying down.

A. Upright B. Side-lying C. Supine D. Prone

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Upright: Sitting upright promotes optimal lung expansion by reducing pressure on the diaphragm and improving ventilation.

B. Side-lying: This may be used for comfort but does not maximize lung expansion.

C. Supine: Lying flat can compromise lung expansion, particularly in respiratory distress.

D. Prone: While prone positioning is used in specific cases of severe respiratory failure (e.g., ARDS), it is not standard for general pneumonia in children.

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An older adult nursing home resident who has always been alert and oriented is now showing signs of dehydration and has become confused. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely involved?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Explanation

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