An older adult client with a history of heart failure is admitted to the medical unit after falling at home and has become increasingly confused. The client's spouse is designated as the client's power of attorney. When reporting to the healthcare provider using SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) communication, which information should the nurse provide first?

Fall at home as the reason for admission.

Increasing confusion of the client.

Client's healthcare power of attorney.

Currently prescribed medications.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: While the fall is important, it is not the most immediate concern for the healthcare provider in the context of SBAR communication.

Choice B reason: Increasing confusion can indicate a change in the client's condition and may require immediate intervention, making it the priority in SBAR communication.

Choice C reason: The client's healthcare power of attorney is important for legal and consent purposes but is not the first piece of information to provide in an SBAR report.

Choice D reason: Currently prescribed medications are part of the background information and would follow after the immediate situation has been described.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The correct answer is: c. Inspiratory and expiratory bilateral crackles.

Choice A: Average urine output of 28 mL/hour

Reason: The normal urine output for an adult is typically 0.5 mL/kg/hr, which translates to about 30-50 mL/hr for most adults. An average urine output of 28 mL/hour is slightly below this range, indicating possible inadequate fluid resuscitation. However, it is not immediately life-threatening and does not warrant the most urgent intervention compared to other options.

Choice B: Vesicular bibasilar breath sounds

Reason: Vesicular breath sounds are normal lung sounds heard over most of the lung fields. They are soft and low-pitched, indicating that the airways are clear. Therefore, vesicular bibasilar breath sounds do not indicate any immediate respiratory distress or fluid overload and do not require urgent intervention.

Choice C: Inspiratory and expiratory bilateral crackles

Reason: Crackles, also known as rales, are abnormal lung sounds that indicate the presence of fluid in the alveoli. Bilateral crackles heard during both inspiration and expiration suggest significant pulmonary edema or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which can be life-threatening and requires immediate intervention.

Choice D: Central venous pressure of 12 mm Hg

Reason: The normal range for central venous pressure (CVP) is 2-8 mm Hg. A CVP of 12 mm Hg is elevated, indicating possible fluid overload or heart failure. While this is concerning and requires monitoring, it is not as immediately critical as bilateral crackles, which directly affect oxygenation and respiratory function.

A. Delirium is often a sign of underlying mental illness, and institutionalization is often necessary. B. If the dementia is a result of Alzheimer's disease, it is often reversible even in the late stages. C. The client's delirium may be due to depression and is possibly reversible. D. The client is exhibiting symptoms of dementia, and because of age, it may be permanent.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Suggesting that delirium is often a sign of underlying mental illness and that institutionalization is necessary can be distressing and may not be accurate without further assessment.

Choice B reason: Stating that dementia due to Alzheimer's disease is often reversible even in the late stages is incorrect; Alzheimer's disease is a progressive condition with no current cure.

Choice C reason: Recognizing the possibility of delirium due to depression, which can be reversible, is a hopeful and constructive approach that encourages further evaluation and treatment options.

Choice D reason: Suggesting that symptoms of dementia are permanent because of age can be disheartening and does not consider the potential for reversible causes of cognitive impairment.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with 50% full-thickness burns has received fluid resuscitation for the past 24 hours. Which assessment warrants immediate intervention by the nurse?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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