An adolescent patient is to receive 50 mL of Cefazolin IV over 40 minutes. With a tubing drop factor of 20 gtt/mL, how many drops per minute (gtt/min) should be given?

A.While cystic fibrosis is characterized by a high concentration of sodium chloride in sweat due to defective chloride channels, this is not the cause of the barrel chest and clubbing of the fingers.

B.The barrel chest and clubbing of the fingers are often seen in children with cystic fibrosis due to chronic hypoxia (lack of oxygen). Chronic lung infections, airway obstruction, and respiratory insufficiency associated with cystic fibrosis lead to prolonged low oxygen levels, which can result in these physical changes.

C.Decreased respiratory capacity, often due to the chronic respiratory issues associated with cystic fibrosis, can result in a barrel chest (increased chest diameter due to air trapping) and clubbing of the fingers (a sign of chronic hypoxia).

D.Decreased respiratory capacity (due to thick mucus and airway obstruction) does contribute to chronic respiratory issues in cystic fibrosis, but the direct cause of the barrel chest and clubbing is the chronic lack of oxygen (hypoxia) rather than decreased capacity alone. The changes in the chest and fingers are a result of prolonged oxygen deprivation.

A. Calmly tell the child to stop:

While remaining calm is important, simply telling the child to stop might not be effective during a tantrum. Toddlers experiencing a meltdown might not respond immediately to verbal commands.

B. Distract the child by buying a toy:

Using material objects to distract a child during a tantrum might reinforce the behavior by rewarding it with something desired. It's also not always feasible to buy a toy instantly.

C. Appear to ignore them:

This strategy might involve not engaging directly with the tantrum, which could sometimes help to de-escalate the situation. However, it's crucial to ensure the child is in a safe environment and to offer support if necessary.

D. Place the child in time-out for 3 min:

Time-out can be a useful method for calming down a child. However, its effectiveness depends on the child's age, temperament, and the consistency of applying this method. Time-out might not be suitable for all children, especially for a 2-year-old who might not fully understand the concept.