A nurse is assessing a child whose history reveals an upper respiratory illness that has progressed to a persistent cough characterized by an inspiratory whoop. The nurse would suspect which of the following?
Pertussis
Asthma
Bronchiolitis
Acute Laryngotraceobronchitis (LTB)
The Correct Answer is A
A. Pertussis:
Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It is characterized by a persistent cough with a distinctive "whoop" sound during the inspiratory phase. The cough can be severe and may last for several weeks. The characteristic whooping sound is due to the rapid intake of breath after a coughing episode.
B. Asthma:
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. It is not typically associated with a whooping sound during the inspiratory phase. Asthma symptoms are often triggered by factors such as allergies, exercise, or exposure to irritants.
C. Bronchiolitis:
Bronchiolitis is commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), especially in infants. It presents with symptoms such as cough, wheezing, and respiratory distress. However, it does not involve the characteristic whooping cough sound seen in pertussis.
D. Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB):
Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis, or croup, is characterized by a barking cough, stridor (a high-pitched sound during inhalation), and respiratory distress. It is common in young children and is often caused by viruses. Unlike pertussis, it does not typically include the distinctive whooping sound.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. “I feel better knowing that her curiosity is normal.”
This comment reflects an understanding and acceptance of the normal curiosity and exploration that is part of sexual development in children. It acknowledges that curiosity about one's body is a natural aspect of growing up.
B. “When I find my son masturbating, I will tell him that is unacceptable.”
This statement may convey a negative and shaming attitude toward a normal behavior. It is important to approach discussions about masturbation with sensitivity and openness, emphasizing privacy and appropriate contexts.
C. “I will tell my daughter that she will have time to explore her body as she gets older.”
This statement acknowledges the importance of age-appropriate discussions about sexual development. It conveys a supportive and understanding approach to the child's evolving understanding of their body.
D. “I will encourage my son to ask his father any questions that are sexual in nature.”
While open communication is essential, it's important to create an environment where the child feels comfortable talking to both parents about sexual development. Encouraging communication with both parents is a positive approach.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Exposure to contaminated body fluid:
HIV can be transmitted through exposure to contaminated body fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. However, in the context of infants, mother-to-child transmission is the primary mode of concern.
B. Mother-to-child transmission:
Mother-to-child transmission, also known as perinatal or vertical transmission, is the major means of HIV transmission in infants. It can occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding when the virus is passed from an HIV-positive mother to her child.
C. Blood transfusions:
While HIV transmission through blood transfusions was a concern in the past, current blood screening and testing procedures have significantly reduced this risk. It is not a major means of transmission in the infant population.
D. Sharing of infected needles:
The sharing of infected needles is a risk factor for HIV transmission among individuals who use injection drugs. However, this mode of transmission is not relevant to infants, as they are not typically exposed to such risk factors.
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