All are recommended treatment for somatic system disorder except

A. Lack of motivation. Avolition is a negative symptom of schizophrenia characterized by a severe lack of motivation to initiate and sustain goal-directed activities. Individuals with avolition struggle with completing daily tasks, such as hygiene, work, or social interactions, which significantly impairs their functioning.

B. No emotion. This describes flat affect, where individuals show reduced emotional expression in facial expressions, voice tone, and body language. Flat affect is a separate negative symptom of schizophrenia, distinct from avolition.

C. Inability to experience pleasure. This describes anhedonia, which refers to the inability to feel pleasure from previously enjoyable activities. Anhedonia is commonly seen in schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), and substance use disorders.

D. No empathy. Lack of empathy is more characteristic of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) or narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). While individuals with schizophrenia may struggle with social interactions, this is due to cognitive deficits rather than an absence of empathy.

A. Tachycardia. Stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamines) increase dopamine and norepinephrine levels, leading to sympathetic nervous system activation. This can cause tachycardia, increased blood pressure, and palpitations, making cardiovascular monitoring important in patients taking stimulants.

B. Decreased appetite. Stimulants suppress appetite, often leading to weight loss and nutritional deficiencies in children and adolescents. This is due to their effect on the hypothalamus, which regulates hunger and satiety.

C. Delayed growth. Chronic stimulant use has been associated with temporary growth suppression in children, possibly due to reduced appetite and changes in growth hormone regulation. However, growth typically normalizes after drug holidays or discontinuation.

D. Drooling (sialorrhea) is not a side effect of stimulants. Instead, it is more commonly associated with antipsychotics like clozapine, which cause excessive salivation due to muscarinic receptor effects. Stimulants, if anything, may cause dry mouth rather than drooling.