absorption?

Intravenous administration has the fastest onset of action because drugs are injected directly into the bloodstream, allowing for immediate distribution throughout the body.

a. Oral administration has a slower onset of action because drugs must first pass through the gastrointestinal tract and be absorbed into the bloodstream.

c. Sublingual administration has a faster onset of action than oral administration, but slower than intravenous administration because drugs are absorbed through the mucous membranes under the tongue and must then enter the bloodstream.

d. Topical administration has a slower onset of action because drugs must first pass through the skin or mucous membranes before entering the bloodstream.

Pharmacokinetics refers to the study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body. It involves understanding the factors that can influence the movement of drugs within the body and how these factors can affect drug efficacy and safety.

b. This choice is incorrect because it describes pharmacodynamics, not pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamics is the study of how drugs interact with target cells or tissues to produce therapeutic effects.

c. This choice is incorrect because it describes the formulation and delivery of drugs, not their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. The formulation and delivery of drugs are important aspects of drug development and administration but are not part of pharmacokinetics.

d. This choice is incorrect because it describes the regulation and control of drugs by government agencies, not their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. The regulation and control of drugs are important aspects of ensuring their safety and efficacy but are not part of pharmacokinetics.