Which of the following routes of drug administration bypasses first-pass metabolism?
Oral
Intravenous
Sublingual
Rectal
The Correct Answer is B
Intravenous administration bypasses first-pass metabolism because drugs are injected directly into the bloodstream, avoiding metabolism in the liver before entering the systemic circulation.
a. Oral administration does not bypass first-pass metabolism because drugs must first pass through the liver before entering the systemic circulation.
c. Sublingual administration partially bypasses first-pass metabolism because some of the drugs is absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes under the tongue, but some may still be swallowed and subject to first-pass metabolism.
d. Rectal administration partially bypasses first-pass metabolism because some of the drugs is absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the rectal mucosa, but some may still be subject to first-pass metabolism.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Intravenous administration has the fastest onset of action because drugs are injected directly into the bloodstream, allowing for immediate distribution throughout the body.
a. Oral administration has a slower onset of action because drugs must first pass through the gastrointestinal tract and be absorbed into the bloodstream.
c. Sublingual administration has a faster onset of action than oral administration, but slower than intravenous administration because drugs are absorbed through the mucous membranes under the tongue and must then enter the bloodstream.
d. Topical administration has a slower onset of action because drugs must first pass through the skin or mucous membranes before entering the bloodstream.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Drugs can cross cell membranes by passive diffusion or active transport to reach their site of action within cells or tissues. Passive diffusion occurs when drugs move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, while active transport requires energy and a carrier protein to move drugs against a concentration gradient.
a. This statement is false because drugs are not distributed evenly throughout the body, but rather are distributed according to factors such as blood flow, tissue permeability, and protein binding.
c. This statement is false because while organs with high blood flow such as the liver and kidneys receive a large proportion of a drug dose, drugs can also be distributed to other organs and tissues.
d. This statement is false because some drugs can cross
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