A young man with malaria spikes a temperature of 105 F (40.5°C) and begins to hallucinate. How should the nurse assess this?
Anxiety disorder
Delirium
Early onset dementia
Psychotic break
The Correct Answer is B
A. While anxiety can cause symptoms like hallucinations, it's typically not associated with a sudden onset due to a physical illness and a high fever.
B. Delirium is an acute confusional state often caused by medical conditions, such as infections (like malaria), and is characterized by rapid onset, fluctuations in consciousness, and disturbances in attention, perception, and cognition. Hallucinations are a common symptom of delirium.
C. Dementia is a progressive decline in cognitive function, which usually develops gradually over time, not suddenly due to a fever.
D. While hallucinations are a symptom of psychosis, they are typically associated with underlying mental health conditions rather than a sudden physical illness.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Antihypertensives are medications used to manage high blood pressure. Alprazolam is not used for managing blood pressure and does not belong to this category.
B. Antipsychotics are medications used to treat psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Alprazolam is not used to treat psychosis and does not fall under this category.
C. Antidepressants are used to treat depression and include classes such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Alprazolam is not used primarily to treat depression and is not classified as an antidepressant.
D. Alprazolam is classified as a benzodiazepine. Benzodiazepines are a class of medications that work by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, leading to sedative, anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. During depressive episodes, individuals often experience psychomotor retardation, which can manifest as slow and sluggish movements. In contrast, the manic stage is marked by heightened energy and activity levels.
B. Feelings of extreme sadness and hopelessness are characteristic of the depressive stage of bipolar disorder. During manic episodes, individuals typically experience elevated mood, which might be euphoric, irritable, or excessively optimistic, rather than feelings of sadness or hopelessness.
C. This is a hallmark of the manic stage of bipolar disorder. During a manic episode, individuals often have significantly increased energy levels, engage in numerous activities, and may exhibit restlessness.
This heightened activity can include impulsive or risky behaviors, excessive talking, and a reduced need for sleep.
D. Loss of appetite and weight loss are more commonly seen during depressive episodes of bipolar disorder. During manic episodes, individuals might experience an increased appetite or engage in disinhibited eating behaviors, which contrasts with the decreased appetite often observed in depressive stages.
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