A student is caring for a patient with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) at 5 cm H20. The student asks “What is the purpose of PEEP?” which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

PEEP deceases the peak respiratory pressures

“PEEP increases the number of breaths the patient takes on his own.”

“PEEP augments the patient’s overall tidal volumes.”

“PEEP improves oxygenation by keeping alveoli open after exhalation.”

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. PEEP decreases the peak respiratory pressures:
PEEP may increase peak respiratory pressures, especially during inspiration, but its primary purpose is to prevent alveolar collapse and improve oxygenation.

B. “PEEP increases the number of breaths the patient takes on his own.”:
PEEP does not increase the number of breaths the patient takes. It primarily affects the quality of ventilation by preventing alveolar collapse.

C. “PEEP augments the patient’s overall tidal volumes.”:
PEEP does not necessarily increase overall tidal volumes. It focuses on maintaining positive pressure at the end of expiration to prevent alveolar collapse.

D. “PEEP improves oxygenation by keeping alveoli open after exhalation.”
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is used in mechanical ventilation to maintain positive pressure in the airways and alveoli at the end of the respiratory cycle (expiration). This helps prevent alveolar collapse and improves oxygenation by keeping the alveoli open, particularly in patients with conditions like acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). PEEP is commonly used to increase functional residual capacity (FRC) and improve oxygenation.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Close the fire doors on the unit:
Closing fire doors is a safety measure to contain smoke and flames, but activating the fire alarm is the priority to ensure a swift and comprehensive response.

B. Use a fire extinguisher to put out the fire:
While using a fire extinguisher is an important action, it should come after activating the fire alarm. The fire alarm alerts everyone to the emergency, and then the appropriate personnel can use fire extinguishers as needed.

C. Move any clients in the immediate vicinity:

Priority action during a fire: The priority in any fire situation is to ensure the safety of individuals in the immediate area. The acronym RACE is commonly used in healthcare settings to outline the steps to take in the event of a fire:

Rescue anyone in immediate danger.
Alarm: Activate the fire alarm.
Contain the fire by closing doors.
Extinguish the fire if it is small and safe to do so, or Evacuate the area if necessary.

D. Activate the fire alarm
This is also important but comes after rescuing or moving clients in immediate danger.

A. Glucagon B. Vitamin K C. Protamine D. Calcium

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Glucagon:
Glucagon is not used as an antidote for heparin overdose. It is typically used to treat severe hypoglycemia.

B. Vitamin K:
Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin, another anticoagulant, but it is not effective for reversing the effects of heparin.

C. Protamine
Protamine is the specific antidote for heparin. It acts by binding to heparin, neutralizing its anticoagulant effects. It is important to note that the administration of protamine should be done carefully, and the dosage must be based on the amount of heparin the patient has received.

D. Calcium:
Calcium is not an antidote for heparin. It is more relevant in cases of calcium channel blocker toxicity or hypocalcemia.

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A student is caring for a patient with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) at 5 cm H20. The student asks “What is the purpose of PEEP?” which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

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