A student is caring for a patient with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) at 5 cm H20. The student asks “What is the purpose of PEEP?” which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

PEEP deceases the peak respiratory pressures

“PEEP increases the number of breaths the patient takes on his own.”

“PEEP augments the patient’s overall tidal volumes.”

“PEEP improves oxygenation by keeping alveoli open after exhalation.”

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. PEEP decreases the peak respiratory pressures:
PEEP may increase peak respiratory pressures, especially during inspiration, but its primary purpose is to prevent alveolar collapse and improve oxygenation.

B. “PEEP increases the number of breaths the patient takes on his own.”:
PEEP does not increase the number of breaths the patient takes. It primarily affects the quality of ventilation by preventing alveolar collapse.

C. “PEEP augments the patient’s overall tidal volumes.”:
PEEP does not necessarily increase overall tidal volumes. It focuses on maintaining positive pressure at the end of expiration to prevent alveolar collapse.

D. “PEEP improves oxygenation by keeping alveoli open after exhalation.”
Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is used in mechanical ventilation to maintain positive pressure in the airways and alveoli at the end of the respiratory cycle (expiration). This helps prevent alveolar collapse and improves oxygenation by keeping the alveoli open, particularly in patients with conditions like acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). PEEP is commonly used to increase functional residual capacity (FRC) and improve oxygenation.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Transformational leader:
Transformational leaders are characterized by their ability to inspire and motivate followers to achieve exceptional outcomes. They focus on building relationships, fostering creativity, and encouraging individual and team growth. Transformational leaders are often seen as visionary and charismatic.

B. Situational leader:
Situational leadership is a flexible approach where leaders adjust their style based on the situation and the readiness or maturity of their followers. The leader may use different leadership styles, ranging from directing to delegating, depending on the circumstances.

C. Bureaucratic leader:
Bureaucratic leaders strictly enforce rules and regulations. They rely on established policies and procedures to maintain order and control within the organization. This style is often associated with a more structured and rule-based approach to leadership.

D. Laissez-faire leader:
Laissez-faire leaders adopt a hands-off or delegative approach, providing little guidance or direction to their team members. They allow team members a high degree of autonomy and decision-making authority. While this style can promote creativity and independence, it may lead to a lack of structure and accountability in certain situations.

A. Glucagon B. Vitamin K C. Protamine D. Calcium

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Glucagon:
Glucagon is not used as an antidote for heparin overdose. It is typically used to treat severe hypoglycemia.

B. Vitamin K:
Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin, another anticoagulant, but it is not effective for reversing the effects of heparin.

C. Protamine
Protamine is the specific antidote for heparin. It acts by binding to heparin, neutralizing its anticoagulant effects. It is important to note that the administration of protamine should be done carefully, and the dosage must be based on the amount of heparin the patient has received.

D. Calcium:
Calcium is not an antidote for heparin. It is more relevant in cases of calcium channel blocker toxicity or hypocalcemia.

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A student is caring for a patient with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) at 5 cm H20. The student asks “What is the purpose of PEEP?” which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

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