A public health nurse is developing a protocol for treatment of inhalation anthrax in the event of widespread public exposure. Which of the following information should the nurse plan to include?

The anthrax vaccine is ineffective following direct anthrax exposure.

Prophylactic treatment should be provided to clients for 10 days following exposure to anthrax.

Ciprofloxacin should be administered for asymptomatic clients who were directly exposed to anthrax.

Manifestations of anthrax infection appear within 3 days of exposure.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. The anthrax vaccine is ineffective following direct anthrax exposure.

Explanation: The anthrax vaccine is a preventive measure but is not considered a treatment for individuals who have already been directly exposed to anthrax. Post-exposure prophylaxis with antibiotics is the primary intervention in such cases.

B. Prophylactic treatment should be provided to clients for 10 days following exposure to anthrax.

Explanation: The duration of prophylactic treatment may vary depending on the specific antibiotic used. While a 10-day course is common, the exact duration may be determined based on the specific antibiotic prescribed and updated recommendations from public health authorities.

C. Ciprofloxacin should be administered for asymptomatic clients who were directly exposed to anthrax.

Explanation: In the event of widespread public exposure to anthrax, prophylactic antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin are recommended for asymptomatic individuals who were directly exposed. Ciprofloxacin is one of the antibiotics effective against Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes anthrax. Providing prompt prophylactic treatment can prevent the development of anthrax infection.

D. Manifestations of anthrax infection appear within 3 days of exposure.

Explanation: The incubation period for anthrax can vary, and symptoms may not appear within 3 days of exposure. The incubation period can range from days to weeks, and the onset of symptoms may depend on factors such as the dose of exposure and the strain of anthrax.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Speech-language pathologist

Dysphagia, difficulty swallowing, is a concern that often requires the expertise of a speech-language pathologist. Speech-language pathologists specialize in assessing and treating communication and swallowing disorders. They can work with individuals who have had a stroke to improve their swallowing function and reduce the risk of aspiration.

B. Physical therapist

Physical therapists primarily focus on improving mobility, strength, and function. While physical therapists play a crucial role in stroke recovery, they may not be the primary resource for addressing dysphagia.

C. Restorative aide

Restorative aides are often involved in assisting with exercises and activities that aim to restore functional abilities. However, they may not have the specialized training needed for managing dysphagia.

D. Occupational therapist

Occupational therapists focus on helping individuals regain skills needed for daily living activities. While they may be involved in aspects of stroke recovery, addressing dysphagia typically falls within the scope of a speech-language pathologist's expertise.

A. The client has documentation stating he has less than 12 months to live B. The client has declined additional life prolonging treatments C. The client's insurance provides coverage for palliative care D. The client requires inpatient care due to lack of a caregiver

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. The client has documentation stating he has less than 12 months to live:

While a prognosis of less than 12 months to live is often considered when determining eligibility for hospice care, it is not the sole criterion. The key factor is the client's choice to forgo aggressive treatments and focus on palliative care.

B. The client has declined additional life-prolonging treatments.

Hospice care is typically provided for individuals who have a terminal illness and have chosen to forgo aggressive, curative treatments. Acceptance of the terminal prognosis and a decision to focus on comfort and quality of life are crucial criteria for hospice eligibility.

C. The client's insurance provides coverage for palliative care:

Insurance coverage is not the primary determinant for hospice eligibility. The decision to enter hospice care is based on the client's clinical condition, prognosis, and their choice to shift the focus from curative to palliative care. Insurance coverage may be a consideration, but it's not the qualifying factor.

D. The client requires inpatient care due to the lack of a caregiver:

Hospice care can be provided in various settings, including inpatient facilities, but the need for inpatient care due to a lack of a caregiver is not a specific criterion for hospice eligibility. The decision to enter hospice is primarily based on the client's clinical condition and their choice to receive palliative rather than life-prolonging care.

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