A patient with type 1 diabetes was prescribed a glucocorticoid for COPD. Which will the nurse expect in this patient?
No change in blood sugar
A decrease in the blood pressure
An increase in the blood sugar
An increase in the need for carbohydrates
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Glucocorticoids can cause an increase in blood sugar by stimulating gluconeogenesis and inhibiting insulin action. Therefore, a patient with type 1 diabetes who is taking glucocorticoids will not have no change in blood sugar, but rather a rise in blood sugar.
Choice B reason: Glucocorticoids can cause an increase in blood pressure by promoting sodium and water retention and increasing vascular reactivity. Therefore, a patient with type 1 diabetes who is taking glucocorticoids will not have a decrease in the blood pressure, but rather a possible increase in the blood pressure.
Choice C reason: Glucocorticoids can cause an increase in blood sugar by stimulating gluconeogenesis and inhibiting insulin action. Therefore, a patient with type 1 diabetes who is taking glucocorticoids will have an increase in blood sugar. This is the correct statement that describes the expected effect of glucocorticoids in this patient.
Choice D reason: Glucocorticoids can cause an increase in blood sugar by stimulating gluconeogenesis and inhibiting insulin action. Therefore, a patient with type 1 diabetes who is taking glucocorticoids will not have an increase in the need for carbohydrates, but rather a need for more insulin to control the blood sugar.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is not the definition of ejection fraction. The percentage of blood that leaves the heart in a minute is related to the cardiac output, which is the product of the heart rate and the stroke volume.
Choice B reason: This is the correct definition of ejection fraction. It is the ratio of the stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle) to the end-diastolic volume (the amount of blood in the left ventricle at the end of diastole). It is a measure of the efficiency of the heart and reflects the contractility of the cardiac muscle.
Choice C reason: This is not the definition of ejection fraction. The amount of blood that leaves the heart with each beat is the stroke volume, which is one of the factors that determine the ejection fraction.
Choice D reason: This is not the definition of ejection fraction. The amount of blood that leaves the heart in a minute is the cardiac output, which is influenced by the ejection fraction, but not equivalent to it.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: ACE inhibitors do not lower heart rate. They lower blood pressure by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which is a potent vasoconstrictor. Beta blockers are the drugs that lower heart rate and blood pressure.
Choice B reason: ACE inhibitors inhibit vasoconstriction. This is the correct statement that describes the action of these medications. By blocking the angiotensin II formation, they prevent the narrowing of the blood vessels and reduce the resistance to blood flow.
Choice C reason: ACE inhibitors do not increase aldosterone secretion. They decrease it. Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the kidneys to retain sodium and water, which increases blood volume and pressure. By blocking the angiotensin II formation, ACE inhibitors reduce the stimulation of aldosterone secretion and promote sodium and water excretion.
Choice D reason: ACE inhibitors do not promote sodium retention. They promote sodium excretion. As explained above, ACE inhibitors reduce the aldosterone secretion and prevent the kidneys from reabsorbing sodium and water. This lowers the blood volume and pressure.
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